City Planning Review（2023.7）

♦RESEARCH FIELDS AND PROSPECTS OF INTELLIGENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE 

Author：Team of the Technological Innovation Center for Intelligent Human Settlements and Spatial Planning and Governance, Ministry of Natural Resources

ABSTRACT: Ecological civilization and information technology have provided new chances for the development of the Sciences of Human Settlements. Given the national and local development demands of China, this paper discusses the extension of the concept from “human settlements” to “intelligent human settlements”, and introduces the progress and challenges of international and domestic intelligent human settlements construction. Then it establishes the research framework of intelligent human settlements planning and governance (IHSPG) based on the ideas of “systematic cognition – practice demand – theoretical development – research field”, and analyzes its difficulties and weak points. It concludes with the future direction from “IHSPG” version 1.0 to version 3.0 and its application areas.

KEYWORDS:  human settlements; intelligent human settlements; territorial planning; spatial governance 

♦APPLICATION OF CROSS-REGIONAL LEGISLATION IN TERRITORIAL PLANNING

Author：MA Yuan; WEN Chaoxiang; ZHU Chasong

ABSTRACT: As an effective means to address major concerns between regions, cross-regional legislation is of great practical significance in the formulation and implementation of territorial planning. This paper briefly reviews the development of cross-regional legislation in China, analyzes the possibility and necessity of applying cross-regional legislation in territorial planning, and discusses the important fields of cross-regional legislation from three aspects: natural resource protection and exploitation, cross-regional development and construction, and cross-regional spatial governance. The improvement path of cross-regional legislation procedure in territorial planning is proposed from the aspects of the initiation mechanism, legislative mode, legislative process, legislative supervision, and legislative evaluation of cross-regional legislation.

KEYWORDS: cross-regional legislation; territorial planning; legislative collaboration; the legal system

♦REFLECTIONS ON URBAN ECOLOGICAL PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING: CONTENT, METHODOLOGY, AND PRACTICE

Author：ZHU Xun; JIANG Rui; ZHANG Yuanjing; GAO Chunyi

ABSTRACT: Territorial planning integrates the spatial planning and management functions of 

different departments, endows an irreplaceable status to ecological space, and promotes the 

evolution of ecological planning from the single red-line delineation to the comprehensive spatial control over the whole region. Due to disciplinary complexity, ecological planning poses new requirements and challenges to the traditional planning system, and there is an urgent need to further explore its contents, methods, and practice. This paper proposes that, based on the analysis of natural resources, urban ecological planning should provide ecosystem services, protect and restore the ecological environment of the whole region, and establish a connection between resource control, system service, and spatial planning. Combined with the planning practice in Qiqihar, the paper analyzes the problems existing in ecological planning in terms of the acquisition, collation, and analysis of ecological information data, as well as the establishment of patterns and the implementation of hierarchical, classified, and zoned control in the process of planning transmission. Based on this, it puts forward practical countermeasures, hoping to provide reference for the delimitation of contents, scopes, and operation process of urban territorial ecological planning.

KEYWORDS:  territorial ecological planning; ecosystem service; natural resource; ecological protection and restoration; Qiqihar

♦EFFECT AND MODEL OF METROPOLITANIZATION IN THE PRACTICE OF “DIVIDING THE WHOLE CITY INTO MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS” IN CHINA: BASED ON THE COMPARISON BETWEEN NANJING AND HANGZHOU

Author：LU Yufei; ZHU Kai; ZHANG Yun

ABSTRACT: At present,with the action of “dividing the whole city into municipal districts” as the starting point,cities continue to carry out adjustments on administrative division,which transcends the traditional perception of breaking administrative barriers by turning county into district and transforms “urban areas” into “metropolis”. Gradually,the reconstruction of the administrative,spatial,and functional boundaries is achieved,which makes metropolitanization an important option for the level transition of big cities in China. Therefore,based on the administrative,spatial,and functional boundary reconstruction logic of Nanjing and Hangzhou,this paper sorts out the basic path to expanding space,strengthening capacity,and expanding influence of the two cities through adjustments  of administrative division,compares the effect of metropolitanization in the process of “dividing the whole city into municipal districts”,and explains the metropolitanization process of the two cities formed by adjusting the administrative boundary systematically,extending the spatial boundary scientifically,and optimizing the functional boundary comprehensively. Finally,two models of metropolitanization,i.e.,“administration-spacefunction” and “administration-function-space”,are summarized in order to provide a reference frame and basis for the practice of metropolitanization of similar cities.

KEYWORDS: metropolitanization; dividing the whole city into municipal districts; boundary reconstruction; Nanjing; Hangzhou

♦THE INTERACTIVE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SPATIAL ELEMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF WESTERN GUIZHOU LILONG COMMUNITY IN SHANGHAI

Author：ZHAI Yuqi; BAI Xueyan; TONG Ming

ABSTRACT: For nearly a century, the relationship between society and space in the traditional lilong community in Shanghai has gradually become complicated, and its regeneration and renovation are therefore full of contradictions. This paper uses micro-urban morphology as the research approach and takes the western Guizhou lilong community in Shanghai as an example, to explain the interaction between the evolution of the spatial structure of lilong and their internal community changes through a historical morphological research. The research identifies the supporting role and adaptive changes of the physical spatial elements for the community. Based on the research findings, this paper further explores the applicability and limitations of micro urban morphology research in the refinement of urban regeneration and community governance in China.

KEYWORDS:urbanmorphology; lilong compound; social relation; spatial structure; western Guizhou lilong community

♦PEDESTRIAN-ORIENTED SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND URBAN REGENERATION PATH OF CITY CENTRE: A STUDY ON URBAN REGENERATION PRACTICE IN THE UK OVER THE PAST CENTURY 

Author：GE Tianyang; HOU Wenjun; YANG Jianqiang

ABSTRACT: Pedestrian system is the key to improving the spatial quality of city centre. The United Kingdom has accumulated rich practical experience in pedestrian-oriented city centre regeneration. Through a study on the urban regeneration process of 21 city centres in the UK over the past one hundred years, this paper analyzes the spatial structures and mechanisms of them, and examines the regeneration paths and stages. It is found that by taking one of three regeneration paths of gradual growth, one-step development, and long-term planning, the city centres in the UK have formed a concentric ground spatial structure that is pedestrian-oriented, gives priority to public transport, and features the separation of pedestrian and vehicle systems, which has brought about a high-quality pedestrian system and high-efficiency transfer between different systems.

KEYWORDS:  pedestrian-oriented; city centre; spatial structure; urban regeneration path; the UK

♦A STUDY ON URBAN DESIGN OF THE THIRD PLACES ORIENTED AT URBAN VITALITY: TAKING WUHAN AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：LUO Wenjing; FANG Ke; WU Xiao; GENG Yunming

ABSTRACT: Urban vitality is a key index for high-quality development. The third place, as another form of spaces besides workplaces and homes, plays an important role in improving the urban vitality. High accessibility, high degrees of mixed land use, and desirable building forms and densities all form the spatial basis for urban vitality. However, the current layout of the third places is usually based on perceptual “urban design thoughts”, which lacks the rational analysis on elements related to urban vitality. Taking Wuhan as an example, this paper explores which spatial elements are related to the third places vitality and how to relate them, and then constructs a vitality-oriented third space urban design model. The research process is as follows: firstly, a database of elements related to the third space vitality is established; secondly, the most dynamic areas in Wuhan are used as samples to quantify the database of elements and the third space vitality using multi-source data, and a mathematical model is constructed using multiple linear regression method to study and propose universal recommendations for the layout of the third space and summarize the quantification methods of the third place layout with a view to applying them in the urban design practice.

KEYWORDS: urban design; the third place; urban spatial vitality; space syntax

♦CORRELATION BETWEEN URBAN SPATIAL AGGLOMERATION AND RESIDENTS’ HOUSEHOLD CARBON EMISSIONS: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE DATA OF 110 CHINESE CITIES 

Author：TIAN Darui; YANG Shuai; GUAN Chong; LI Yuechang 

ABSTRACT: There is a close relationship between urban space and carbon emissions. Existing studies mostly discuss the impact of urban space on carbon emissions through indicators such as density and development intensity. However, the empirical research on the relationship between urban spatial agglomeration and residents’ household carbon emissions is insufficient, and it is still controversial whether a city with spatial agglomeration is lowcarbon. Based on the sample data of 110 Chinese cities, this paper discusses the characteristics of urban spatial agglomeration through 12 indicators at three levels of urban morphological structure, land use distribution, and socio-economic factors, and then analyzes how these indicators influence carbon emissions per capita and per land. It is found that: (1) the morphological indicators, such as Richardson index and Grid fractal dimension, have a positive correlation with carbon emissions; (2) the land use indicators, such as Moran’I indexes for residential land or commercial land, also have a positive correlation; (3) the socio-economic indicators, such as population density and floor area ratio, have a negative correlation with carbon emissions. In conclusion, the centripetal, excessive compact urban morphological structure and the spatial agglomeration of a single land use type are not conducive to lowcarbon urban development, while the measures, such as decentralizing the excessively dense urban center, increasing the proportion of green open space, and moderately strengthening the intensive agglomeration of socio-economic factors, have a significant effect on reducing carbon emissions in cities.

KEYWORDS: agglomeration; morphological structure; land use distribution; residents’ household carbon emissions; correlation

♦TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL LAND IN SUBURBAN VILLAGES BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Author：WU Yihao; LIU Yang; YANG Xupeng

ABSTRACT: Among all sorts of stock-based industrial land in our country, the industrial land in suburban villages has relatively small scale separately, but the total areas take up a great amount throughout the city. Due to the attribute of strong informality, following by the low output and spatial fragmentation, it constrains the urban regeneration process under many circumstances. This paper brings the comprehensive regional development mode into the urban regeneration of industrial land in suburban villages, and puts forward the relationship between management subject, planning subject, and regeneration subject and operation mechanism. Then it takes the North Hongqiao Xingfu Village as an example, and introduces the planning implementation platform of Shanghai, which ensures industrial programming, public benefits, and technical index being fully implemented in regeneration units with specific physical form. The paper suggests that the transformation schema of industrial land in suburban villages should switch from traditional renovation to social governance. Comprehensive regional development mode can be applied as reference for multi-body participation, which faces the reality difficulties of ownership property, benefit distribution, and planning implementation.

KEYWORDS: industrial land in suburban village; urban regeneration;planning governance; comprehensive regional development; planning implementation platform

♦RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN AND ORGANIZATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF RURAL INDUSTRIAL LAND IN COUNTIES: A CASE STUDY OF SUNING COUNTY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HEBEI 

Author：ZENG Peng; ZHU Liuhui; CAI Liangwa

ABSTRACT:  Analysis of the spatial organization characteristics of rural industrial land could provide support for promoting the intensive and efficient development of rural industries. This paper takes the central and southern Hebei as the research scope, sorts out the current situation and predicaments of rural industrial development in this region, and selects Suning County for empirical analysis. Then it constructs a spatial pattern index system to measure the characteristics of spatial distribution, spatial form, and functional relationship of rural industrial land in the county, and discusses the spatial organization and optimization proposals. Several conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1)The rural industrial land presents the characteristics of high proportion and scattered distribution. The land fragmentation is serious. And the surrounding rural residential areas and road traffic present a low degree of concentration towards planned industrial parks. (2)Five indicators, including the area of rural industrial land in planned industrial parks and the average proximity index, have impact on the development of rural industries in the county. Cluster analysis shows that there are two categories of village units, i.e., industrial-oriented and nonindustrial-oriented, and five sub-categories of village units, i.e., highly agglomerated, generally agglomerated, highly intensive, generally dispersed, and highly dispersed, showing the characteristics of “large circle, small group” in spatial organization patterns. (3)It puts forward the optimization suggestions for coordinating spatial layout at the county level, promoting organic concentration at the township level, and implementing classified evacuation at the village level.

KEYWORDS: central and southern Hebei; county area; rural industrial land; spatial pattern; organizational mode; bisecting K-means clustering; Geodetector

♦EXPLORATION ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE VERTICAL PLANNING SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION LAND IN MOUNTAINOUS CITIES 

Author：CHEN Zesheng; SHENG Zhiqian; ZHONG Yuanyue; ZHOU Yang 

ABSTRACT:  The phenomenon of valuing “flat planning” over “vertical planning” has long existed in China’s planning system. Thus, the difficulty in the vertical planning management of urbanrural construction land is particularly prominent in mountainous cities, mainly owing to the imperfect vertical planning system, including the lack of feasibility analysis based on vertical perspective in the master planning period, the insufficient depth of vertical planning schemes in the detailed planning period, and the lack of flexibility and dynamic adjustment mechanism in the vertical planning management period. Taking the opportunity of the reform of territorial planning system in China, this paper proposes some key points and improvement ideas of vertical planning from master planning, regulatory detailed planning and planning management. Specifically, it is essential to improve the site selection and vertical feasibility analysis of major traffic corridors in the master planning period; in the regulatory detailed planning period, the vertical planning scheme should be improved in line with earthwork balance by taking fully into account the impacts of site development and underground space; in the planning management period, it is advisable to develop a dynamic management platform and put forward the “rigidity and elasticity” control indicators, in order to meet differentiated needs of vertical planning and construction management at all levels.

KEYWORDS:  the vertical planning system; site vertical planning; earthwork in underground space; earthwork balance; the vertical planning management mechanism