City Planning Review（2023.10）

♦DISCUSSION ON THE LEGISLATION MODES OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING 

Author：HE Mingjun

ABSTRACT: From the perspective of ontology, function theory, and constructivism, this paper discusses the three basic issues in the legislative system of territorial planning. In terms of the legislative ontology, the paper holds that the law of territorial planning is about the standardization of land use, the regulation of planning authority, and the establishment of spatial order. In terms of the nature of the law, the paper regards that the laws related to the territorial planning system are mainly administrative laws, combined with the functions of economic law, social law, and environmental law, so as to play its basic role in the national governance. In terms of the legislation mode, the paper suggests that the dual main legislation mode should be adopted, so as to realize the unified exercise of the use control power of the territorial space. The Territorial Development and Protection Law is a horizontal law that regulates both developmentand protection behaviors, while the Territorial Planning Law is a vertical law that authorizes the governments at all levels and their departments in charge of natural resources.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; planning legislation; legislative ontology; legal nature; legislative mode

♦LAST CHANCE FOR GROWTH TRANSFORMATION: THE FINANCIAL PITFALLS OF URBAN REGENERATION

Author：ZHAO Yanjing; SHEN Jie

ABSTRACT: As phase 1.0 of urbanization comes to an end, “urban regeneration”, by replacing “largescale development”, has become a new engine to boost economic growth. Due to the unique fiscal and taxation system, China’s urban regeneration is actually the transformation of urbanization from the capital growth stage to the operational growth stage, which requires addressing financial issues of urban regeneration from a higher dimension. The financial pitfalls in the current regeneration mode are causing a waste of the final capital in many cities that originally could help bridge the growth gap and achieve growth transformation. The fundamental goal of urban regeneration is to create sustainable financial cash flows, and “good urban regeneration” can help local governments complete the transfer from the real estate market to the stock market and achieve the transformation of urbanization from high speed to high quality.

KEYWORDS: growth transformation; urban regeneration; financial pitfall

♦UPDATE OF DETAILED PLANNING OF CHONGQING IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN REGENERATION

Author：YU Ying; LI Lijuan; ZHOU Mi

ABSTRACT: China’s urban development is in a stage of both growth and preservation, and detailed planning, as the legal basis for the implementation of territorial planning, faces new requirements such as “multi-plan integration”, “whole area and all elements”, and “full life-cycle management” in the context of urban regeneration. This article analyzes the shortcomings of traditional planning, interprets the connotation of detailed planning in the new era, and then combines the experience of Chongqing’s detailed planning work to explore new ideas and methods for detailed planning formulation. It summarizes the practice from four aspects: activating existing resources in planning, innovating planning control methods, exploring urban-rural integration planning formulation, and connecting the entire chain of planning management and implementation.

KEYWORDS: detailed planning; urban regeneration; planning practice; Chongqing

♦RE-EXPLORATION OF THE VALUE CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL HISTORIC AND CULTURAL SPACE: THE CASE OF ANCIENT IRRIGATION AREA OF DANHE AND QINHE RIVERS

Author：SHAO Yong; GUAN Xing

ABSTRACT: Regional historic and cultural space is a relatively stable regional or cross-regional territorial space with specific cultural content formed under the joint actions of geography, economy, society, Politics, and other factors. However, there are such phenomena as fragmented identification and “islanding” conservation in current research. In the context of promoting ecological progress, territorial planning provides an opportunity for the systematic identification and integrated conservation of territorial space cultural heritage (TSCH). This is not only a re-recognition of the characteristic human-land relationship and spatial pattern formed in China over a long period of time, but also a process of learning from and inheritance of traditional wisdom with Chinese characteristics, as well as foundation for the high-quality development of territorial space. Based on the theories of longterm historiography, cultural geography, and cultural ecology, and taking the ancient irrigation area of Danhe and Qinhe rivers as an example, this paper analyzes the evolution of its water conservancy system and the formation mechanism of its regional space and cultural ecology. The paper reveals its regional integrity, cultural interaction, factor correlation characteristics, and re-explores the integral value of regional historic and cultural space.

KEYWORDS: regional historic and cultural space; territorial space cultural heritage (TSCH); integrated conservation; ancient irrigation area of Danhe and Qinhe rivers

♦A STUDY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION AND DECISION OPTIMIZATION OF SUZHOU OLD TOWN CAPACITY

Author：YANG Jianqiang; WANG Min

ABSTRACT: Under the long-term strict protection and control policies, Suzhou has been well preserved to continue the traditional style and spatial pattern of the old town. In the new stage of development, Suzhou Old Town is facing many difficulties and problems, in terms of the aging population, imperfect infrastructure, inconvenient transportation, declining living environment quality, and insufficient urban vitality. It is urgent to improve the existing capacity control methods and propose the regeneration policy according to local conditions. Given this practical demand, focusing on the overall coordination of the protection of the traditional features of the old town, the improvement of the livable environment, and the promotion of urban vitality, the comprehensive evaluation and decision optimization of the capacity of Suzhou Old Town are studied from multiple perspectives, objectives, and scenarios. This paper analyzes the constraints of the capacity evaluation,establishes models for the calculation of subitem dimension adaptive capacity, provides multiscenario comprehensive capacity schemes, and compares the comprehensive capacity schemes. It is of great significance to improve the scientificity, systematization, and operability of the capacity management and control of the old town and to promote the vitality and sustainable development.

KEYWORDS: old town capacity; evaluation and calculation; decision optimization; urban regeneration; Suzhou

♦EVALUATION AND REFLECTION ON REPRODUCTION FROM “CULTURAL CAPITAL” TO “CULTURAL CAPITAL SPACE”

Author：YANG Di; YANG Peifeng; ZHANG Qiuyi

ABSTRACT: The conversion of “cultural capital” into “cultural capital space” through physical space has emerged as a critical approach to exploiting local cultural resources and promoting cultural tourism in the contemporary society. On the basis of the concept of “cultural capital”, this paper comprehensively examines the concept of “cultural capital space” and its three states, highlighting the mismatch between states of cultural capital space resulting from an excessive pursuit of “economic capital accumulation”. The paper analyzes the conditions and processes of the reproduction of cultural capital space and develops a multidimensional evaluation framework. Taking the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys as an example, it confirms the “alienation” of the embodied state and social capital during the reproduction and sustained development of cultural capital space, which has long been influenced by the economic capital accumulation. It shows that the sustainable reproduction of cultural capital space cannot solely rely on capital operation, but also requires innovative organizational mechanisms to ensure sustainable financial investment in public culture and the social public sphere as public goods. 

KEYWORDS: cultural capital; cultural capital space; transformation of states; conversion of capital forms

♦SHAPING SPATIAL PUBLICNESS: HOW SPACE BUILDING ALLEVIATES THE NIMBY EFFECT OF URBAN PUBLIC FACILITIES – A CASE STUDY OF THE THREE-YEAR TOILET REVOLUTION IN G CITY

Author：JIANG Hongjun; XIAO Diwen

ABSTRACT: In megacities, public facilities that satisfy public demands may generate disgust and opposition. Therefore, it is highly probable that the construction of facilities will result in serious NIMBY conflicts. Changing public attitudes toward these facilities has become a significant challenge in urban governance. Focusing on the success of the Toilet Revolution in G City, this study shows how the government adopted space building strategies to alleviate the urban NIMBY effect and gain public support. The findings indicate that the government should clarify its responsibilities, define public facilities as public space and governance units, focus on investment in incremental benefits, and strengthen the connection between citizens and public space. These measures aim to increase the spatial publicness of facilities and their general acceptance, as well as decreasing the probability of NIMBY conflicts. This study sheds light on spatial politics and provides insights into urban human settlements planning and urban governance.

KEYWORDS: space building; NIMBY effect; Toilet Revolution; public facilities

♦A STUDY ON SPATIAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF WATERSHED VILLAGES: TAKING THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：ZHAO Ziyu; KONG Yawei; GUAN Zengda; LIU Ye; WANG Jian

ABSTRACT: Taking the villages in the Yellow River Delta Basin as the research object, this paper points out that the spatial form of villages in the basin is the result of the combined influence of many factors such as natural environment, human society, and economic production, which endow the villages with distinct basin characteristics and unique formation mechanism. First of all, taking the water adaptability of villages in the Yellow River Delta as the starting point, this paper uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, takes 24 typical villages as the study object, and explores the formation mechanism and water adaptability strategy of the spatial form of villages in the watershed area under the influence of the watershed environment. Secondly, by putting forward the concept of “five rivers in common” and the spatial development model of “river, pond, field, road, and residence” in the watershed villages, this paper analyzes the impacts of the development model on the four characteristic elements of village spatial form, and makes clear the formation mechanism of spatial form of the watershed villages in the delta. The paper is expected to have some theoretical and practical significance in the study of the spatial patterns of watershed villages. 

KEYWORDS: the Yellow River Delta; watershed village; spatial form; formation mechanism; water adaptability

♦RURAL IN-SITU URBANIZATION PATH AND PLANNING RESPONSE IN METROPOLITAN FRINGE: PRACTICE AND EXPLORATION OF XI’AN

Author：CHEN Lian; DUAN Degang; CUI Linlin

ABSTRACT: Most villages in the metropolitan fringe are in the semi-urbanization stage, and the path deviation caused by undifferentiated policy supply is the main factor restricting their development. Guided by the goal of Chinese-style urban-rural modernization, this paper proposes to reconstruct the multi-dimensional value of rural areas, reshape the subject relationship, and realize the in-situ urbanization path of rural areas with multi-level empowerment. The rural planning ideas for in-situ urbanization goals are provided, that is, to accurately classify village types, guide rural shrinking development, identify available resources, innovate utilization methods, integrate spatial design, industrial development, and community construction, ensure differentiated policy supply, and provide whole process of construction and management. Taking eight villages in Xi’an HighTech Zone as an example, this paper provides theoretical support and introduces the practical experience for the integrated urban and rural development in metropolitan fringe, i.e., the classification of village type and the identification of driving factors for in-situ urbanization, the cultivation of rural industries that drive the comprehensive development, the construction of collaborative village integrating “village, land, school, and enterprise”, and the building of longterm mechanism under precise allocation of public resources.

KEYWORDS: metropolitan fringe; rural planning; in-situ urbanization; Chinese-style urban-rural modernization; Xi’an Hi-Tech Zone

♦INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY SPACE AND FOOD ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS’ CORONARY HEART DISEASE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF SHANGHAI BASED ON CASE DATABASE

Author：LI Yu; DING Wenqing; XU Yuejia; CAO Jiatian; GE Junbo

ABSTRACT: Community space planning directly and indirectly affects residents’ heart health. Based on the data of coronary heart disease surgeries in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019, correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used to explore the influence of activity space and food environment in the community on residents' disease. The empirical results show that: (1) As for the activity space, the accessibility of six types of facilities such as sports and fitness is significantly negatively correlated with the rate of coronary heart disease. (2) As for the food environment, the accessibility of eight types of facilities such as dessert shops is significantly positively correlated with the rate of coronary heart disease, and the accessibility of two types of facilities such as convenience stores is significantly negatively correlated with the disease. (3) A structural model for confirmatory factor analysis is established to clearly characterize the mathematical relationship and influence intensity between 25 types of community spatial factors and coronary heart disease, of which the main meal access has the most obvious influence. The CFA model is used to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease caused by community environment among residents in Shanghai, and the results show obvious spatial clustering. The study concludes that urban planning and design methods should be used to ensure the accessibility of the above-mentioned activity spaces and the availability of healthy food, so as to mitigate residents’ risk of coronary heart disease.

KEYWORDS: community environment; activity space; food environment; coronary heart disease; CFA structural model; Shanghai

♦OPTIMIZATION OF SUPPLY OF FACILITIES FOR BREAST-FEEDING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF “HOMO URBANICUS”: A CASE STUDY IN SUZHOU

Author：XU Jiaming; LEI Cheng; FAN Lingyun; KOU Qin; YE Xiaojun

ABSTRACT: Because of the uniqueness of maternal-infant demand and the particularity of supply of facilities for breast-feeding, the existing theory and practice of urban public service are facing new challenges. Based on the theory of “Homo Urbanicus”, this paper develops a three-stage research framework composed of “identificationmatch-balance” and takes “demand-oriented human settlement supply, user-oriented human settlement configuration, and development-oriented human settlement operation” as the key points, to which Suzhou is used as an example. It identifies the needs of a specific group based on the “travel preference, characteristics of using, and satisfaction degree”. This paper also analyzes the “supply-configurationoperation” matching with the current situation of human settlements, and identifies the problems and internal causes of the divergence between demand and supply. The paper proposes to change the supply of facilities for breast-feeding from “allocation rate, standardization, and coverage” to “selection, applicability, and satisfaction”. What’s more, it also proposes to optimize the supply of facilities for breast-feeding from “allocation rate, standardization, and coverage” to “choice, applicability, and satisfaction”, and discusses countermeasures to “respond to travel preferences, match specific use, and improve use quality”. The exploration on optimization of supply of facilities for breast-feeding will help theoretical innovation of public service facility supply and child-friendly city construction. 

KEYWORDS: facilities for breast-feeding; “Homo Urbanicus”; supply; research framework; childfriendly city (CFC)