♦ Emotion
♦ DIMENSION AND TEMPERATURE OF THE SPATIAL PLANNING
Author: ZHUANG Shaoqin; ZHAO Xingshuo; LI Chenyuan
ABSTRACT: Starting with the analysis on the phenomenon of “internet celebrity city”, this paper points out the limitations of the existing planning systems in the traditional industrialization era and discusses three questions: first, how to grasp the new space-time trend in the era of ecological civilization; second, how to establish a new spatial planning system; and third, how to make the planning profession play an active new role. The paper argues that in the transitional period from industrial civilization to ecological civilization, it is important to recognize and understand the six dimensions of driving forces for space-time evolution; in the new digitalized space-time ecology, it is necessary to establish a modern spatial governance system and develop an intelligent, perceptible, and self-adaptive planning system that is characterized by easy learning and good governance. Meanwhile, planners should have an organic, user-oriented, and design-based mindset, enrich the planning dimensions in practice, and pass on the temperature of a better life.
KEYWORDS: ecological civilization; urbanization; digitization; spatial planning; governance system; development of planning profession; way of thinking
♦ REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF URBAN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT IN THE PAST 70 YEARS
Author: YANG Baojun; ZHENG Degao; WANG Ke; LI Hao
ABSTRACT: During the 70 years of urban planning development since the founding of New China, remarkable achievements have been accomplished in the field of planning. It can be said that it is 70 years of work responding to the national strategy, providing supporting services and strong support for socialist construction; 70 years of constantly updating and adjusting planning concepts, actively responding to the fundamental demands of social and economic development, and keeping pace with the times; 70 years of continuously expanding, accumulating considerable practical experience, and exploring; 70 years of gradual establishment of planning laws and regulations system, improvement of technical standards and norms, and legal basis; 70 years of continuous progress in planning technical methods, wide application of new technologies, and rapid change; 70 years of arduous exploration by planning predecessors and several generations of planners, and 70 years of succession, hard work, dedication and legendary history when facing frustrations and setbacks. Looking into the future, the vast number of planners should effectively enhance their professional competence in responding to and serving for major national strategies.
KEYWORDS: urban history; urban planning history; history of the People’s Republic of China; contemporary China; planning reform
♦ MANDATORY, OPEN, AND GUIDING: CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL PLOT (NEIGHBORHOOD) DEVELOPMENT DENSITY INDEX SYSTEM WITH PUBLIC INTEREST AS ITS CORE
Author: HUANG Minghua; DU Qian; YI Xin; WANG Yang
ABSTRACT: The ambiguous value orientation of residential land development intensity in current regulatory planning compilation in China results in lack of public interest and lack of scientific bases for determining indicators. To address these problems, this paper explores the internal logic between the essence of regulatory planning and the development intensity index system compilation in current social context. Then taking the residential plot (neighborhood) as an example, the paper selects public interest factors that are closely related to development intensity, including per capita concentrated green space, parking spaces, and sunlight spacing, and obtains a three-level indicator system: “rigid bottom line – elastic interval – modification indicators” based on the original index system. Furthermore, it defines the attribute of indicators, to ensure a mandatory, open, and guiding indicator system. Finally, it builds a development intensity indicator system with public interest factor as its core, in order to balance the equity and efficiency in the process of regulatory planning compilation, and to promote the scientificity of the compilation method.
KEYWORDS: equity; efficiency; the essence of regulatory planning; development intensity index system; public interest factor
♦ FROM “SEMI-INDUSTRY AND SEMI-AGRICULTURE” TO “SEMI-INDUSTRY AND ACCOMPANYING SCHOOLING”: NEW CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNTY URBANIZATION DRIVEN BY EDUCATION
Author: JIANG Yuyang
ABSTRACT: With the shift from “maximization of economic benefit” to “maximization of comprehensive benefit centering at education”, the family labor division model of “semi-industry and semi-agriculture” has taken on new features. Taking the rural families with students in Taihe County in northern Anhui Province as examples, this paper analyzes the characteristics and mechanism of family labor division driven by education. The research finds that on the one hand, families send their children into cities due to the need of inter-generational mobility, and some family members go to accompany them for education and upbringing; on the other hand, the education competition leads to the surge of costs, which pushes the main family laborer to work in other places to promote income. In the area with high population density and high population flow-out rate represented by northern Anhui Province, there have formed a labor division model of “semi-industry and accompanying schooling” in rural families driven by education, which is reflected in the macroscopic urbanization characteristics. This new pattern makes family members separated in multi-dimensional scale, which is a unique phenomenon of China’s urbanization with stage characteristics. In the future, with the continuous increase of local employment opportunities and the progress of citizenization, the family-based division of labor model will gradually converge in space and return to a more complete and healthy urbanization model.
KEYWORDS: family labor division; semi-industry and accompanying schooling; education; county urbanization; public goods selection
♦ EVOLUTION, CHARACTERISTICS, AND DIRECTION OF CHINA’S URBANIZATION SINCE THE REFORM AND OPENING UP: FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF POPULATION, ECONOMY, AND INSTITUTION
Author: QIAO Yibo
ABSTRACT: The process of urbanization is deeply influenced by population structure, economic model, and institutional arrangements. Through an overview of China’s population structure and economic model since the reform and opening up, it is pointed out that the population structure is undergoing two structural changes, that is, the closure of the “demographic window” and the forthcoming “demographic turning point,” and the economic model is shifting from export and investment driven to innovation and domestic demand driven. Combining with the process of political and economic system reform since the reform and opening up, on the basis of reviewing the evolution of China’s urbanization, it points out that, from the “bottom-up urbanization” during the period of double-track gradual reform, to the “mobile urbanization” during the period of market economic system reform, and then to the “new urbanization” under the context of comprehensively deepening reform, the institutional barriers between urban and rural areas have gradually been broken, the equalization of urban and rural residents' rights has been continuously improved, and the heterogeneous urban-rural dual structure has evolved into a homogeneous one-dimensional structure. Finally, it points out that China’s urbanization process has a tendency of falling into “stagnation in the flow in the future, and proposes relative targeted policy suggestions.
KEYWORDS: population structure; economic model; institutional arrangements; China; urbanization
♦ GOVERNANCE OF STOCK CONSTRUCTION LAND IN THE BACKGROUND OF LAND CONSOLIDATION IN THE DEVELOPED REGIONS: A NEW ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF SPATIAL GOVERNANCE
Author: GUO Xu
ABSTRACT: In the background of ecological civilization construction and new urbanization, China’s land development model in the developed regions has gradually shifted from incremental construction to redevelopment of stock land. The essence of land consolidation is a kind of spatial governance, which reallocates land property rights and land interests of various stakeholders. How to analyze in theory the essence and operational logic of land consolidation, and how to sort out in practice the progress, characteristics, and models of governance are becoming the focus of the research in this paper. Based on the corporatism and the theory of control rights, this paper tries to put forward an analytical framework of “corporatism-control right-land interest restructuring”. By analyzing the macro governance structure and the operational mechanism of government internal authority at the micro level, this study makes up for the deficiencies that the study on the relationship between government internal authorities and the logic of government behaviors is lacked in traditional spatial governance studies, and explores how to restructure the land interests of different stakeholders in the land consolidation. With District T of Shanghai as a case study, this paper proposes three typical land consolidation modes, and points out that land consolidation results in an increasing gap between the development of different towns, and the village collectives and villagers in the outer suburban areas are the biggest “losers”.
KEYWORDS: spatial governance; stock construction land; land consolidation; land interests; Shanghai
♦ INDIGENOUS CHINESE THOUGHTS ON ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND THEIR INSPIRATIONS FOR URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING IN THE ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION ERA: A CASE STUDY OF DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION REGION IN ANCIENT TIMES
Author: YUAN Lin
ABSTRACT: The recent development of ecological civilization process provides a better environment for rediscovering and reusing indigenous Chinese thoughts on ecological practice, which can help to interpret the human settlements practice model maintaining the harmonious relationship between human and nature in ancient times, and can inspire the contemporary urban and rural planning to respond to current ecological issues as well. Taking ancient Dujiangyan irrigation region as a case, the research analyses the characteristics and key thoughts on ecological practice from three practical aspects symbolizing “heaven-human relationship” in terms of flood and regional spatial pattern, man-made water system and social system, and Shanshui landscape and human settlements. It is proposed that the role of urban and rural planning in the era of ecological civilization should be reset: urban and rural planning should pay attention to the human-nature community, be the tool serving for long-term adaptation process, and provide synthetic solutions responding to current ecological issues.
KEYWORDS: thoughts on ecological practice; Dujiangyan irrigation region in ancient times; view of life; heaven-human relationship; urban and rural planning
♦ FORMULATION OF THE DETAILED REGULATORY PLAN FOR THE SUB-CENTER OF BEIJING ORIENTED BY QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Author: DU Liqun; LV Haihong; XING Zonghai; CUI Jihao; SHI Yanping
ABSTRACT: The planning and construction of the sub-center of Beijing is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as core leader. It is a historic project to relocate Beijing's non-capital functions and promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Region. Based on the planning process of Beijing’s sub-center, this paper introduces the work of the regulatory detailed planning in the construction of urban spatial order, the supply of people-oriented service, and the improvement of urban management coordination. Besides, through strengthening urban design and deepening the integration of urban design and regulatory detailed planning, the planning is concentrated on improving the overall quality of the city, and achieving higher quality of urban development and better life for the people.
KEYWORDS: urban quality; order; people-oriented; coordination; urban design; Beijing’s sub-center
♦ ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BEIJING’S SUB-CENTER
Author: XU Zhengming; ZHENG Meng; SHEN Weiming; LIU Qiang
ABSTRACT: Comprehensive transport planning for the sub-center of Beijing is an important work to strengthen the implementation of Beijing City Master Plan (2016 – 2035) and one of the important parts of the Regulatory Plan for Beijing’s Sub- Center (Block Level). This paper summarizes the concept, ideas, objectives, and strategies of Beijing’s sub-center transport planning, and discusses key concerns of the sub-center transport strategy from four aspects: transport and regional coordination, transport and urban development, transport and public space, and transport and cultural inheritance.
KEYWORDS: Beijing’s sub-center; transport strategy
♦ EXPLORATION OF HIGH-STANDARD PLANNING OF URBAN SUB-CENTER WITH THE CONCEPTION OF WATER-CITY INTEGRATION
Author: YANG Shuyuan; WANG Jun; ZHANG Xiaoxin; WEI Baoyi; FU Zhengyao; FEI Minglong; HUO Yipeng; DENG Bo; GUI Peng; XIE Xiaoying
ABSTRACT: Taking the historical water system of Tongzhou District as the context, with innovation as the basis and the aim of high standard planning, this paper expounds the concept of “water-city integration” of Beijing’s sub-center from four aspects: (1) taking the change and development of historical water system and the relationship between water and city as the context, inheriting the ancient and modern culture, and constructing the overall pattern of historical water system; (2) implementing “river chief system,” delimiting 116 blue lines of river courses in the whole area of Tongzhou District, and delimiting the space of water system interwoven with the greening to ensure the safety of flood control and drainage in the sub-center; (3) “Tongzhou Weir” diversion system is planned to be built to provide conditions for the realization of water-city integration and waterfront vitality; (4) in terms of planning and design, it takes Jinghe River in the administrative office area as an example, which stresses high-end positioning and innovation driven, and functions as a fresh and bright urban visit card.
KEYWORDS: water-city integration; integration of waters and greening; historical river system; Jinghe River; Beijing’s sub-center
♦ VIGOROUS CITY AND COUNTRYSIDE, BEAUTIFUL HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Author: SUN Shiwen; WU Tinghai; WANG Fuhai; YUAN Qifeng; ZHANG Qin; ZOU Bing; LI Xiaojiang; WANG Fang; ZHOU Jianyun; WANG Shifu; DUAN Degang; WANG Ke; LIU Qizhi; LI Xun
♦ HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT
Author: WU Weijia; WU Liangyong; SHI Xiaodong; WANG Fuhai; WANG Ke; ZHOU Jian; MAO Qizhi; QIU Yanqing; WANG Kai
♦ URBAN-RURAL PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION AND CULTURAL INHERITANCE
Author: WANG Shusheng; SHI Nan; ZHANG Song; LI Jinsheng; HUO Xiaowei; REN Yunying; YANG Yuzhen; WANG Jun; ZHANG Guanghan; DUAN Degang; LEI Zhendong
♦ HOW TO MAKE THE SPATIAL PLANNING?
Author: SUN Shiwen; LIU Qizhi; DENG Hongdi; HUANG Huiming; ZHANG Jing; ZHENG Xiaojin; ZHANG Shangwu; LIN Jian
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