City Planning Review（2020.6）

♦ Street Stalls

Author: SHI Nan

♦ DIFFICULTIES IN THE COORDINATION BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND SPATIAL PLANNING AND CORRESPONDING SUGGESTIONS

Author: HUANG Zhengxue

ABSTRACT: Planning is an important part of the national governance system. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the state has continuously pushed forward the planning system reform and coordinated the relationship between different planning systems. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the restructuring of planning administration authorities has been accelerated, and the relationship between development planning and spatial planning has become clearer. However, the coordination between development planning and spatial planning still faces four difficulties, that is, the connection mechanism of different planning systems is incomplete, the examination and approval mechanism of different planning systems is uncoordinated, the planning periods and levels of different planning systems are inconsistent, and the coordination of planning implementation is weak. In view of these difficulties, this paper holds that it is necessary to build an all-round, full-process and full-chain integration mechanism from the aspects of planning formulation, approval, and implementation, especially to give full play to the role of planning evaluation and annual planning and to reclassify the spatial planning at the township level, so as to eliminate the inconsistency between the development planning and the spatial planning in terms of planning period and level. At the same time, the unhindered connection between the two planning information platforms should be taken as the breakthrough to improve the coordination of different planning systems and enhance the planning synergy.

KEYWORDS: planning system; development planning; spatial planning; coordinated development

♦ DILEMMA, REFORM, AND REFLECTIONS ON SPATIAL PLANNING

Author: YU Li; CHEN Chun; JIANG Tao

ABSTRACT: This paper briefly introduces different interpretations of spatial planning, and then illustrates the process of transformation from traditional land use (development) planning to spatial planning system by a case study of the UK. However, this paper further indicates that after 20 years of practice, especially since 2008, spatial planning has faced new problems and difficulties while relevant changes have emerged. The overall reform of spatial planning is toward the neo-liberal planning paradigm, which emphasizes market leading and competition, devolution of planning power and participation of multi-actors. The change of European spatial planning has aroused doubts and criticism about whether spatial planning has maintained its basic values of sustainable development and fairness and equality that were put forward at its earlier stage. Based on the assessment and analysis of the reforms of European spatial planning, this paper provides some recommendations on the perspective of planning system reform in China, especially the establishment of “spatial planning”.

KEYWORDS: spatial planning; space of flows; planning dilemma; planning reform; rigidity and flexibility

♦ SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND GOVERNANCE EFFICIENCY OF THE CITIZENIZATION OF FLOATING POPULATION IN CHINA

Author: WANG Kai; LI Kai; LIU Tao

ABSTRACT: Based on the theory of neo-institutionalism, this paper explains the institutional logic of the change of citizenization policy, and examines the governance efficiency, spatial differentiation pattern, and internal influencing mechanism of the citizenization of the floating population in China. The results show that the cities that have a higher proportion of inter-province migration tend to have a lower governance efficiency. The city clusters like Chengdu- Chongqing, Shandong Peninsula, and Central Plains that are dominated by the migration within the province have higher possibilities to realize the citizenization of the floating population than the city clusters like Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Yangtze River Delta Region, and Pearl River Delta Region that are dominated by inter-province migration, which indicates that urbanization nearby will become the leading mode in China. The government forces will influence the citizenization efficiency of the floating population by both promoting and restraining it, while the expansion of the city scale can strengthen both the promotion and restraint effects at the same time. The results of the institutional innovation represented by the pilot project of citizenization of the agricultural population migrating to cities remain to be seen. In the background that the citizenization space of the floating population is geographically connected as a whole, the coordinated governance and institutional innovation between the cities within a city cluster/ urban agglomeration are faced with new challenges.

KEYWORDS: floating population; citizenization; urban governance efficiency; spatial pattern; neo-institutionalism

♦ A STUDY ON URBAN MIGRANTS’ EMOTIONS AND PERCEIVED NEIGHBORHOOD LIFE IN CHINA: TAKING GUANGZHOU AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: ZOU Xueping; XIE Bo; LI Zhigang; CHEN Hongsheng; LIU Ye

ABSTRACT：This paper uses data of first-hand questionnaires to study the mechanism of migrants’ emotions and their perceived neighborhood lives in Guangzhou. The study found that the negative emotion of migrants living in neighborhood of affordable housing was the highest, followed by urban village, danwei neighborhood, and then commercial housing neighborhood, and migrants in the collective-funded housing (jizifang) neighborhood showed the lowest negative emotion. The negative emotion of people in migrant neighborhoods is higher than those in the non-migrant neighborhoods. The study also found that, in terms of perceived neighborhood lives, neighborhood belonging and neighborhood mutual aid of migrants in non-migrant neighborhoods are better than those in migrant neighborhoods, while neighborhood communication and neighborhood trust of people in migrant neighborhoods are better than those in non-migrant neighborhoods. Specifically, their perceived “neighborhood belonging”, “neighborhood communication”, and “neighborhood mutual aid” are negatively related with the negative emotions of migrants, while “interaction with the outsiders in the neighborhood” has a positive relation with their negative emotions. That is, emotional communication among migrants of the same neighborhood is prone to be influenced by “emotional transmission”, and the “emotional resonance” with similar groups may not address their living challenges. In general, neighborhood perception in the new era is of great significance, and the emotional experience and emotional adaptation of urban immigrants have become an important issue to be concerned about in the process of new urbanization.

KEYWORDS: migrant population; emotion; neighborhood; urbanization; Guangzhou

♦ SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGED POPULATION IN SHANGHAI AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

Author: LI Tao

ABSTRACT: Based on the sixth national population census of sub-districts and towns, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of the aged population in Shanghai using the approach of spatial autocorrelation statistics. The two levels (structural and individual) and three aspects (institutional, economic and social) factors which are shaping the pattern of spatial distribution are examined. It is found that the spatial distribution of the aged population in Shanghai is characterized by concentration in the inner city and rural areas. Another significant feature is that the outskirts of Shanghai are characterized by a younger population, which is spatially distributed in the shape of a circle around the inner city. The individual factor and economic factor play more important roles in determining the spatial distribution of the aged population in international metropolises, while the structural factor, the institutional factor and social factor play more important roles in China.

KEYWORDS: ageing of population; spatial distribution; spatial autocorrelation statistics

♦ RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL LAYOUT OF MEDICAL FACILITIES IN BEIJING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Author: SI Zhijie; YIN Zhi

ABSTRACT: Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper analyzes the layout of major medical facilities in the main city and new towns of Beijing to reveal problems caused by the imbalanced spatial layout. Through the study on global cities, the paper puts forward suggestions on how to decentralize main medical resources and develop medical facilities in new towns, in the hope of providing support for the government’s decision making.

KEYWORDS: medical facilities; spatial layout; Beijing; global city

♦ URBAN SPATIAL CONNECTION AND PLANNING UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF THE INTEGRATION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA: A STUDY BASED ON VENTURE CAPITAL ACTIVITIES

Author: ZHAO Yuping; WANG Mingfeng; TANG Xi

ABSTRACT: Based on the venture capital (VC) activities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2002 to 2016, this paper explores the spatial characteristics and the evolution of venture capital in the Yangtze River Delta, as well as the differences between emerging and traditional industries. The results show that, firstly, within the venture capital investments in cities across the in the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai has become the core city, while Hangzhou, Suzhou, as well as Nanjing have become the sub-core cities, in which the administrative division plays an important role in shaping the network structure; secondly, the network connection degree and the evolution of venture capital investment vary in different industries, as traditional industries are more highly connected, and emerging industries have higher requirements for the economic base of the cities; thirdly, the degree of network connection of venture capital is gradually enhanced, and the inter-provincial connection is also increasing, but the status of core cities is relatively stable; fourthly, the propensity for local VC investment in core cities is more pronounced, leading to a strong polarization of the core cities, while the spillover effect has also come into being at the same time. Finally, this paper proposes planning enlightenment in terms of agglomeration and diffusion, competition and cooperation, and primary and secondary relation and balance.

KEYWORDS: venture capital; urban network; social network analysis; the Yangtze River Delta

♦ STUDY ON THE METHODS TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN URBAN COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER PREVENTION AND REDUCTION PLANNING

Author: MA Chao; YUN Yingxia; MA Xiaosong

ABSTRACT: China started formulating national comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction plan in 1998 in order to construct comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction system and reinforce comprehensive capacity on disaster prevention and reduction. With the increase of population scale and urban built-up area, city resilience encountered new challenges in the planning of disaster prevention, how to improve city resilience so as to reinforce disaster prevention and reduction capacity and efficiency of resuming after disaster are the key points of urban disaster prevention and reduction planning in the future. At present, Chinese economy entered into the “new normal” of low-speed development and population aging, thus, the disaster prevention plan formulated during economic upward period cannot totally adapt to the new situation. By summarizing the disadvantages of former disaster handling and post-disaster reconstruction, this article proposed to enhance post-disaster community resilience from the following perspectives. (1) It is necessary to evaluate the components of the quality of life during disaster and to partition the victims’ demands in each stage, such as in-disaster response, post-disaster recovery and post-disaster renaissance, so as to meet the hierarchical demands in the living environment in various periods. (2) Based on the concept of Smart Shrinkage, it is essential to keep residence within a certain area by slowing down the disordered expansion of residences around urban villages, to reinforce relationship among people and decrease the infrastructures that are built outside the residential district. (3) It is imperative to introduce the catastrophe insurance aimed at the residents that are vulnerable to disasters or have weaker disaster resistance, in order to shorten the time of financial support oriented at reconstruction of relief fund and recover quality of life. (4) It is advisable to create several disaster support hubs according to city size and population density by taking community as unit. Usually, this disaster support hub is used by neighbourhood support and community organization for executing soft measures of disaster prevention; in disaster, it is used as refuge for distributing relief materials, and obtains post-disaster information as well as public service.

KEYWORD: disaster prevention and reduction plan; community resilience; quality of life；smart shrinkage; catastrophe insurance; disaster support hub

♦ RESEARCH PROCESS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND TRENDS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CITIES: BASED ON THE DATA VISUALIZATION OF CITESPACE

Author: ZHANG Yang; HE Yi

ABSTRACT: Firstly, this paper summarizes the research process in the past 40 years, and by using CiteSpace to extract the representative keywords in each time slice, it divides the process into three stages: the system establishment stage with overall protection as the core (1982—1994), the practical exploration stage with the renewal of the old city as the background (1994—2008), the theoretical development stage oriented by the old and new symbiosis (2008—2019). Secondly, it sorts out the research characteristics of the historical and cultural cities and points out that the situation and the policy at the national level has a strong driving force on the research and thus promoted the continuous institutional construction of historical and cultural cities and realized the theoretical return of “overall protection – block protection – overall protection” mode, as well as promoting the continuous improvement of the protection system of urban and rural cultural heritage in China. In the end, three prospects are put forward for the study: from persistence to integration, it is suggested to reconstruct the reading system of urban context by the historical path, through the identification and connection of historical elements; from self-enclosing to opening up, it is suggested to drive the coordinated development of surrounding communities by the circulation and traction of cultural capital; from control to guidance, it is suggested to activate historical and cultural resources, so as to realize sustainable development of path-based, community-based, and activation-based development of historical and cultural cities.

KEYWORDS: historical and cultural cities; research process; urban and rural cultural heritage; CiteSpace; data visualization

♦ PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MARGINAL DIVISION OF ANCIENT TOWN UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF 5C STRATEGY: THE CASE OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIAL PARK IN DAPENG FORTRESS, SHENZHEN CITY

Author: ZHUO Xiang; GAO Huanggen; YUE Bo

ABSTRACT: The protection and development in the marginal division of ancient town is an inevitable problem of urbanization process that has to be faced. At present, the protection and development of ancient town in China focus on the core area with high historical value, whose renewal mode is mainly sightseeing tourism with function implantation, and it lacks methods application and community environment construction. Furthermore, the appropriate research and exploration in the marginal division of ancient town are lacked. Taking the cultural and creative industrial park in Dapeng Fortress as an example, this paper introduces 5C strategy, including accumulating Credibility and excavating culture connotation; making explicit about Conservation region and establishing renewal pattern as well as transformation node; strengthening Capacity-building and promoting commercial form upgrading; linking up with tourism Communication and building unique brand; combining with Community building, and reshaping the human landscape and creating a diverse place to live, in order to make an exploratory practice for the protection and development in the marginal division of ancient town in our country.

KEYWORDS: marginal division of ancient town; 5C; community building; humanism

♦ EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT DURING URBAN VILLAGE REGENERATION PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF SHENZHEN

Author: SI Nan; YIN Jie; ZHU Yong

ABSTRACT: From the perspective of the evolution of the role of government, this paper discusses the role relations among local government, developers, villagers and society in the process of urban village regeneration. After a comparative analysis of three urban village cases in Shenzhen, the paper finds that changes in the role of government will directly affect urban village regeneration and transformation. In the process of regeneration, local government has always occupied a dominant position, and its role has gradually been changed from comprehensive leadership to behind-the-scene guidance, and then to active control again. In this process, state-owned enterprises have played a crucial role in achieving equitable distribution of interests.

KEYWORDS: urban villages; role of government; regeneration mechanism; urban regeneration; Shenzhen

♦ PROPERTY RIGHT RECONFIGURATION, LAND RENT, AND REDEVELOPMENT OF STOCK CONSTRUCTION LAND IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND AN EMPIRICAL TEST

Author: GUO Xu; YAN Yaqi; TIAN Li

ABSTRACT: Based on the theory of land property right and the theory of land rent, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework for the redevelopment of stock construction land in the Pearl River Delta region. To orderly promote the redevelopment of stock land and the legalization of the land market, the central government and local governments have enforced the compulsory land property system reform, in order to refrain the rent-seeking behaviours among the local government, developers and the original land owner. Land property rights are a bundle of rights. The central government and local governments have restructured the land market and land economic rent distribution pattern through the reconstruction of land ownership, use rights, development rights and income rights of the stock construction land, and promoted the spatial governance of the redevelopment of stock construction land. This paper provides an analytical framework for the redevelopment of different types of stock construction land in the Pearl River Delta region. Then taking urban-rural renewal practice in S District, Guangdong Province as a case, it analyzes the land-rent game and the underlying institutional change in the land redevelopment.

KEYWORDS: land property right system; land rent; stock construction land; redevelopment; Pearl River Delta

♦ EXPLORATION ON THE SITUATIONAL DRAWINGS EVALUATION MODE OF MULTIPLE PARTICIPANTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SENIOR DESIGN COURSE OF URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING

Author: LIU Shuhu; LIN Zhaowu; FAN Haiqiang; ZHAO Lizhen

ABSTRACT: Due to the demand of public policy implantation and the dilemma of drawings evaluation in the teaching of urban and rural planning, this paper puts forward the situational drawings evaluation mode of multiple participants on the basis of learning relevant solutions. It aims to explore a new teaching mode, so as to realize the goal of pluralistic ability training through the interaction between inside and outside campus. First of all, research on relevant teaching practices is conducted to ensure that “participant”, “participation method” and “guarantee system” are key points in the construction of the mode. Moreover, it expounds the type, structural relation, organizational mode and participation method of multiple participants. Finally, it proposes measures for guaranteeing the normal operation of the mode from four aspects: curriculum setting, evaluation criteria, pool of participants and service system.

KEYWORDS: multiple participants; public policy; situational drawings evaluation; design course; planning education