♦ Village
♦ FROM RURAL CONSTRUCTION TO RURAL OPERATION: BENEFIT AND DILEMMA OF THE MARKET-ORIENTED SERVICE PROVISION IN CHINA’S RURAL REVITALIZATION
Author: SHEN Mingrui
ABSTRACT: The development and revitalization of rural areas in the suburbs of Chinese metropolises urgently need to shift from the current 1.0 version that focuses on one-sided pursuits for physical environment construction to the 2.0 version that emphasizes operation and maintenance. During the physical construction period, a large number of state-led projects entered the countryside and formed considerable rural assets. In the era of rural operation, how to transform these project “assets” into “cash flows” that can provide benefits for sustainable rural development is a puzzle in the process of integrating urban and rural development. Taking Sujia in Jiangning District, Nanjing City as a typical case, this article conducts an in-depth analysis of the work done by market-oriented operators in brand marketing, new industrial form development, and village environment renovation, and reveals benefits and dilemmas for profit-seeking business behavior in rural operations. This article argues that the operation of the mature “asset-capital-cash flow” model that successfully runs in the field of state-owned natural resources fails in the collective property ownership system that is unique to rural China. For the commodified suburban villages, it is urgently necessary to explore a set of realizable “business models” in rural planning practice. This business model can not only fully connect the urban market, but also enable the original villagers to realize the benefit sharing as usufruct owners. It is necessary to make good use of the professional power of market entities and to effectively avoid their rent-seeking behavior at the same time.
KEYWORDS: rural revitalization; business model; asset; cash flow; capital going down to countryside
♦ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND RESIDENTS’ SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: REVIEW AND ENLIGHTENMENT ON URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING
Author: CHEN Hongsheng; WANG Xingping; LIU Ye; SHI Yu; LI Zhigang
ABSTRACT: Health, happiness and family economic satisfaction have become important evaluation indicators of China’s urbanization process and urban and rural planning. In this paper, residents’ subjective well-being consists of health, happiness, family economic satisfaction, and so on. Based on the sample survey data of 14,600 residents in 401 neighborhoods of 124 cities in China, the paper explores the relationship between urbanization, urban planning and residents’ well-being using descriptive statistics, multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. The results show that in the spatial distribution of residents’ well-being, residents living in cities with low per capita GDP have a low level of well-being, and residents in economically developed cities have a higher level of well-being; but the level of well-being of residents living in cities with urbanization rate greater than 70% is significantly lower than those living in cities with urbanization rate from 50% to 70%. This study proves that there is a turning point in residents’ subjective well-being under the current urbanization mode. In other words, the relationships between urbanization rate and residents’ well-being, economic development and residents’ well-being, population scale and residents’ wellbeing follow an inverse-U shape. These results confirm the rationality of China’s urban planning in pursuit of economic growth for the purpose of improving residents’ living standard. Additionally, it also reflects that the current poor-quality urbanization mode may harm residents’ well-being. Finally, we put forward that, in the background of slowing economic growth, the improvement of social welfare should be the direct target of urban and rural planning, to meet the new requirement of national governance in the new era.
KEYWORDS: urbanization; urban and rural planning; residents’ subjective well-being; transformation
♦ INFLUENCE OF “SOURCE-SINK” PATTERN ON WATER QUALITY IN TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF ELEVEN URBAN DRAINAGE ZONES IN HANGZHOU
Author: CHEN Qianhu; WU Hao
ABSTRACT: Taking eleven drainage zones in Hangzhou as case study, the concepts of “source” and “sink” in the science of air pollution was introduced in this paper to establish the “source” and “sink” index of land use and index of landscape pattern by means of principal components analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, coupling equation, etc., to study the influence of territorial and spatial development on urban water quality. It is concluded that: firstly, the water quality in Hangzhou generally appeared better in the south than that in the north, which were mostly affected by the indices of NH3-N, TP and ORP. Secondly, the commercial land, road and square, arable land, and fragmented sink-type land use structure were the main sources of water pollutants in city, which might be relieved by improving the CONNECT, COHESION, and SHEI. Thirdly, in order to meet the III standard in a drainage zone, the proportion of source-type land use should be less than a certain threshold (33.3% for Hangzhou). Fourthly, the function of sink-type land use to purify some water pollutants would be lost when the value of fragmentation reached n (0.85 for Hangzhou). These conclusions provide a new perspective for the study of urban carrying capacity and the double evaluation of territorial and spatial development plan. Therefore, this paper proposed a star-shaped ideal layout in the process of territorial and spatial development and some suggestions on the source, process, and terminal of land use and water control.
KEYWORDS: drainage zone; land use; landscape pattern; water quality; territorial and spatial planning
♦ RESEARCH ON OPEN SPACE OF CITIES AT GULLY AREA IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF NORTHERN SHAANXI FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FRACTAL ORDER
Author: TIAN Darui; TAN Jingbin
ABSTRACT: Fractal theory, which is a cutting-edge theory in the domain of self-similar rules of complex system, provides a new perspective and method for the research of urban and rural space forms. The loess plateau in northern Shaanxi is one of the most important cradles of Chinese civilization with profound traditional culture; however, the construction of human settlement in loess plateau faces challenges owing to the rapid urban expansion in the river valley. The paper compares the fractal order of open space in Mizhi Ancient City and Mizhi County by using the measuring method of grid fractal dimension. In conclusion, it sums up the factors that influence the fractal characteristics of open space form and thereby explores and conserves the wisdom and gene of human settlement in loess plateau in northern Shaanxi.
KEYWORDS: fractal order; gully area of loess plateau; open space; Mizhi
♦ RESEARCH ON THE PRACTICE OF RURAL CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PERMIT SYSTEM FOR RURAL RESIDENCE: TAKING THE RURAL AREA OF ZHUHAI AS AN EXAMPLE
Author: PAN Yujuan; ZHANG Zhengtao; WANG Zhaohui
ABSTRACT: In terms of the difficulty in villagers’ application for rural residence, on the basis of reviewing the dilemma in the implementation of rural construction planning permit system of Zhuhai, this paper discusses the specific experience of Zhuhai from the following perspectives: top level design, permission basis, approval subjects, application channels, and safeguard measures. It is found that the following measures can be effective: developing a sound policy system, making practical village planning, establishing a three-level administration structure, building a smooth application channel, implementing a double guaranteed system, etc. These measures have played an important role in solving the difficulties in villagers’ application for rural residence, regulating rural construction activities, carrying forward village features, and promoting the rural development. Finally, the paper puts forward concrete proposals and measures for the optimization of rural construction planning permit system of Zhuhai.
KEYWORDS: rural residence; rural construction planning permit; rural area in Zhuhai
♦ A STUDY ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE IMAGES BASED ON CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Author: QIN Qiaohua; XIAO Dawei; LUO Mingnan; TAO Jin
ABSTRACT: Based on Convolution Neural Network, this paper proposes a method for automatic recognition and classification of images of a large number of traditional villages. This method uses a self-built traditional village database with balanced sample distribution to extract features including texture, landform, building layout, building material, etc. by which the images of traditional villages are divided into several categories based on provinces. It aims to provide a large sample of material database of villages to planners, architects, urban and rural builders, as well as supporting the establishment and subsequent research of Chinese digital information system of traditional villages.
KEYWORDS: Convolution Neural Network; traditional village; image classification; deep learning; artificial intelligence; spatial quantitation
♦ RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF INTEGRATED URBAN DESIGN
Author: YANG Junyan
ABSTRACT: Integrated urban design and scientific planning for the evolution of urban form are becoming major practical issues urgently needed to be solved in the process of new urbanization in China. Integrated urban design takes the whole city as a research object and has comprehensive, systematic, overall and guiding characteristics. Therefore, the implementation of design outcomes has become the focus of the planning community. In fact, it is equally necessary to tackle the implementation issue of integrated urban design from a holistic perspective and put forward a series of effective tactics. Based on the integrated urban design projects completed in recent years, this paper expounds the characteristics of integrated urban design and its positioning in the planning system. In addition, it explores and summarizes the twelve categories of integrated urban design strategies through practice, and divides them into management-oriented implementation strategies, action-oriented implementation strategy and the deepening implementation strategy, in order to provide valuable support for the implementation of integrated urban design.
KEYWORDS: integrated urban design; implementation strategy; digital urban design; urban design guidelines
♦ FROM EXTERNAL INTRODUCTION TO INTERNAL INTEGRATION: CONFLICTS BETWEEN BUSINESS AND RESIDENCE IN COMMUNITY BUILDING OF TRADITIONAL CHARACTERISTIC BLOCKS
Author: CHEN Ming; ZHANG Pei
ABSTRACT: Starting from the study of the existing problems in the community building of traditional characteristic blocks, this paper finds that the introduction of external business activities improves the block environment and activates block life, but inevitably brings about conflicts between business and residence. Based on relevant research literature and practical case analysis, as well as the pilot work of community planning in the Hubu Alley traditional characteristic block in Wuhan, the paper puts forward the planning idea of “seeking integration based on separation” – adopting an environmental regulation strategy with “spatial separation” at its core and a community governance strategy with the “benefit sharing” at its core, to achieve the integration of business activities that are introduced from outside into the traditional characteristic block.
KEYWORDS: traditional characteristic blocks; community building; conflicts between business and residence; environmental remediation; community governance; Hubu Alley
♦ DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL PARKS AND THEIR PLANNING METHODS: BASED ON A REVIEW OF LITERATURE PUBLISHED SINCE THE REFORM AND OPENING-UP
Author: HU Liang; LI Qian; YANG Yifan
ABSTRACT: The development and transformation of China’s industrial parks caused by policy changes is a gradual process, involving the restructuring of management subjects, competition and cooperation relationship, development and construction bodies, and financing channels. During this process, the industrial park planning system has been gradually established, and the planning content and key points are enriched. Through the technical innovation of planning methods, it is easier for the industrial park planning to respond to the development needs of industrial parks, such as dealing with uncertain factors arisen in the development of industrial parks, strengthening the operation feasibility, and applying control indicators of construction and management. In line with the development trend, three issues can be highlighted in the future, including the application of technical methods in overseas industrial parks, the connection between planning contents and ROI (return on investment) analysis, and the expansion of planning index system toward the service industry, so as to further explore the technical methods for industrial park planning.
KEYWORDS: industrial park; development; planning method; transformation; China
♦ RESEARCH ON APPROACHES TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMMUNITY PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN SHENZHEN
Author: SIMA Xiao; ZHAO Guangying; LI Chen
ABSTRACT: In the context of building a pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, exploring Shenzhen’s community planning and governance system in the stock-based planning era is an important part of the modernization of community planning and governance in Shenzhen. This paper holds that, Shenzhen’s community planning and governance system not only has typical characteristics such as planning approach dependence, complex social contradictions, weak technical force at the level of grassroots planning, and coexistence of “strong governance and weak governance”, but also presents special features such as being dominated by the stock-based planning, mature planning techniques, unbalanced population structure, and rolling demand for community services. In terms of strengthening the research on community planning techniques, management system, and long-term service mechanism, Shenzhen has accumulated useful experience in community planning and governance that can be used for reference and promotion: (1) taking the lead in exploring the technical system of stock-based planning and management, such as urban regeneration system and land readjustment system, and strengthening the planning’s governance capability in the environmental quality of community space; (2) establishing a system of “community planners”, and setting up configuration standards and reservation mechanisms for the supporting service facilities in the “community life circle”; (3) building a self-governance platform for community residents, improving the community planning service system, and establishing a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the community planning service.
KEYWORDS: residential area; urban regeneration; community planners; public service facilities
♦ HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN GOVERNANCE IN THE GUANGDONG-HONG KONG-MACAO GREATER BAY AREA
Author: DU Yan
ABSTRACT: In an urgent need to strengthen the national governance system, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as a pioneering area for China’s innovation-driven development, has ever had a tough period of passive opening up to Western powers in the course of modern China’s transition to an industrialized society, and has been at the forefront of receiving cultural, economic, and personnel output from Southeast Asia, and thus nurtured a socio-cultural spirit which is open and inclusive. Since forty years elapsed after the reform and opening up, during the process of rapid economic advance, urban governance in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao has showcased its reform and demonstration effect and got much social attention, with special economic zone as a window. It is thus the right time to sum up the history of the bay area now, as required by The Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, exploration and practice should be made in the aspects of industrial innovation and cultivation, building of beautiful habitat, and system risk control, etc., so as to contribute China’s experience to the world civilization.
KEYWORDS: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; urban China; urban governance; system risk; community self-governance; view of macro-history
♦ SUFFICIENT AND LIVABLE HOUSING: EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF LIVABLE CITY PLANNING IN SHENZHEN AT THE NEW ERA
Author: SHAN Liang; ZHOU Yaqi; JING Wanli; ZHOU Zheng
ABSTRACT: City is for living. Livability is human's eternal pursuit for an ideal urban living environment, as well as the important embodiment of urban competitiveness at an era of high-quality urban development. As entering the new era of creating quality-oriented urban life, the construction of livable city in Shenzhen gradually transforms from taking planning as an “invisible line”, which is oriented at project development, to following planning as the “main line”, which is the goal and path of achieving Shenzhen's high-quality development. By analyzing the upgraded underlying needs by people and city, and the practical challenges brought about by high cost, high density, and high built-up degree of environment, this paper explains the upgraded connotation of “settled life” and “comfortable life” in Shenzhen, and summarizes the experience in guaranteeing living space, supplying living products, creating nature-friendly urban life, and conserving urban features, which aims at refining a system composed of the policy, space, urban product supply and construction practice in Shenzhen’s planning and construction at the new era. In this way, it can be a valuable example for the construction of high-density livable cities in China in the period of ecological civilization construction.
KEYWORDS: Shenzhen; livable city; human settlements; settled life; comfortable life; housing supply; nature-friendly city
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