City Planning Review（2020.11）

♦ Institutions of Higher Learning

Author: SHI Nan

♦ RESEARCH ON RESILIENCE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MEDICAL CARE AND EPIDEMIC PREVENTION: A CASE STUDY ON MEDICAL FACILITIES IN BEIJING

Author: ZHANG Fan; HU Liang

ABSTRACT: To improve the resilience of the medical care and epidemic prevention system, the characteristics of the built environment and the people living in it should be both considered. In Beijing, large comprehensive hospitals are mainly located in the core area and central city, attracting a large number of patients gathering in and around hospital, which increases the risk of infection.The reason for the current situation lies in the absence of primary medical facilities and the failure of hierarchical medical system. Accordingly, this paper studies the patient activities and makes the following recommendations: firstly, it is suggested to set up a hierarchical medical system which consists of large emergency and small outpatient service; secondly, based on the hierarchical medical system, it is suggested to integrate and strengthen the resources of primary hospitals, and build a “medical community” around regional medical centers; thirdly, by taking the “medical community” as a unit, with “outpatient volume” as the core, it is necessary to deconcentrate and optimize the layout of medical resources.

KEYWORDS: medical system; epidemic prevention and control; resilience improvement; Beijing

♦ RESEARCH ON MODES AND STRATEGIES FOR THE SUPPLY OF MEDICAL RESOURCES IN CHINA BASED ON MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

Author: XU Lijun; ZHU Jinghai; LIU Dongfang

ABSTRACT: Medical resources in China are allocated according to certain standards, such as population, transportation and location, economic development, urbanization pattern, etc. In the case of public health emergencies, the local medical resources are often unable to meet the explosive medical needs under special circumstances. Considering the treatment of infectious diseases that requires in situ treatment, expansion is the inevitable choice for the hospital during the epidemic outbreak. Based on the emergency practice of medical resources under public health emergencies in China, the paper summarizes five modes of medical resource supply, and proposes two strategies of horizontal coordination within the region and vertical dispatching of external rescue, according to the phased management and control of public health emergencies. Combined with the practical experience in fighting with COVID-19, this paper puts forward stressing on the sustained promotion of prevention and control of infectious diseases, incorporating Xiaotangshan medical service into the infectious disease protection system, and establishing the construction standard of mobile cabin hospital, so as to form a flexible network of medical resources.

KEYWORDS: public health emergencies; medical resources; supply mode; supply strategy

♦ CHARACTERISTICS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL PLANNING AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN THE NEW ERA: A PRACTICAL EXPLORATION IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Author: YU Yunzhou; WANG Zhaoyu; CHEN Chuan

ABSTRACT: In the era of ecological civilization, under the background of establishing of “five levels and three categories” of territorial and spatial planning system, it is urgent to explore the effectiveness, key issues, and structure of territorial and spatial planning at provincial level. This paper takes the compilation of the Guangdong provincial territorial and spatial planning as an opportunity to scientifically perceive its connotation based on the core values, goals and tasks of territorial and spatial planning in the era of ecological civilization. Based on the strategic, comprehensive, coordinated, and binding nature, this paper proposes that provincial territorial and spatial planning needs to respond to major strategies, coordinate the spatial governance of all elements at provincial level, coordinate spatial demands of multi-dimensional value, and effectively conduct territorial and spatial control requirements. Besides, this paper tries to explore the construction path of provincial territorial and spatial planning in Guangdong Province based on space-time trends, spatial patterns, relationship of people and land, and implementation management.

KEYWORDS: ecological civilization; territorial and spatial planning; provincial level; planning compilation; Guangdong Province

♦ SPONGE CITY PLANNING SYSTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF SPATIAL GOVERNANCE

Author: WANG Ning; ZENG Jian; DING Siyuan

ABSTRACT: Sponge city is a new urban development concept and method to systematically solve urban water problems in China. It is crucial for ecological progress and green development, and consistent with the connotation of spatial governance focusing on overall coordination. The concept of sponge city should be primarily implemented through spatial planning system in accordance with the integrity, systematism, and inherent laws of ecosystem and urban development, to fully achieve the effect of plan guidance. With the practice of Xiamen sponge city plan compilation as an example and based on characteristics of sponge city planning at master, detailed, and site planning levels, this paper analyzes the overall thinking and technical points of sponge city planning system and implementation. In addition, the paper examines how Xiamen gradually implements requirements of sponge city in terms of development strategy, urban space, regulatory indicator, overall coordination, etc., achieving transformation of urban development concept and mode.

KEYWORDS: sponge city; plan guidance; spatial governance; regulatory indicator; Xiamen City

♦ STUDY ON THE JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR THE REGULATORY PLAN AND ITS IMPLICATION

Author: HE Mingjun

ABSTRACT: The new revision of Administrative Litigation Law in 2015 has changed the scope of judicial review from the specific administrative act to the administrative act, and sets three basic regulations of judicial review for the normative documents, which are the incidental review, the inapplicability for individual case and the modification suggestion. The paper first discusses that up to now the regulatory plan is a kind of the normative document, and this implies that the regulatory plan has been put into the category of the judicial review. And then the paper analyses the limitation of judicial review for the normative document and the difficult problems of judicial review for the regulatory plan, and it puts forward that the judicial review for the regulatory plan should lay stress on the legitimate authority and the making procedure. Because the judicial review for regulatory plan will influence the system of the regulatory plan, the paper finally suggests that the regulatory plan should be made in the pattern of the administrative legislation, the judicial review should put stress on the spot amendment of regulatory plan, and that the regulatory plan should be supervised by the local Peoples’ Congress (PC) by means of the filing and appeal systems.

KEYWORDS: regulatory plan; normative document; judicial review; administrative legislation; PC supervision

♦ TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT FACTORS AND METHODS OF REGULATORY PLAN ADJUSTMENT: IMPORTANCE OF SUBSTANTIVE CONTENT ARRANGEMENT

Author: YI Xiaoxiang; ZHAO Tianyu; XIAO Feiyu

ABSTRACT: Regulatory plan adjustment is a flexible optimization mechanism established for better implementation of regulatory plan, but in practice it often produces many negative problems. According to a previous case study, the system of regulatory plan adjustments prioritizes the procedural arrangements, and lacks substantive content arrangement, which is one of the important causes for random argumentation, inadequate examination, and blind decision-making in the management of regulatory plan adjustments. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the substantive examination of regulatory plan adjustment through unified technical management, so that the decision-making has evidences to follow. Based on the actual situation and research conclusion of the above case, this paper analyzes the meaning and action mechanism of substantive contents. Then the paper discusses the technical management system and methods of regulatory plan adjustment based on improving the substantive content, including five technical management factors: requirements for argumentation, as well as the legitimacy, applicability, necessity, and rationality of regulatory plan adjustment. It attempts to develop a corresponding examination and decision-making mechanism, providing a reference for setting a certain entry, establishment, and passing conditions of regulatory plan adjustment.

KEYWORDS: regulatory plan; regulatory plan adjustment; substantive justice; technical management; necessity; rationality

♦ PLANNING AND RULES: DISCUSSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION OF REGULATORY DETAILED PLANNING

Author: HUANG Minghua; ZHAO Yang; GAO Jingbao; WANG Yang

ABSTRACT: With the establishment of the “five levels and three categories” system of territorial and spatial planning, regulatory detailed planning involved needs to be reformed and adjusted. Based on the analysis of planning and rules, this paper points out that, the root of the failure of regulatory detailed planning lies in the fact that planning plays the role of rules. Therefore, an epistemology of regularization is proposed, which emphasizes balancing rigidity and elasticity, considering increment and stock, covering time and space. On this basis, through the construction of multi-party interest groups exchange platform and the overall thinking of urban issues platform, a regular and operational control mode is established from the perspectives of understanding and application of regulatory detailed planning, so as to make the regulatory detailed planning take a key step towards the direction of regular public policy.

KEYWORDS: regulatory detailed planning; regularization; epistemology

KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM OF SELF-EDITED TEXTBOOK OF CITY PLANNING IN MODERN CHINA

Author: LI Ji; LI Baihao

ABSTRACT: City Planning written by Prof. CHEN Xunxuan from the Department of Civil Engineering of the National Sun Yat-Sen University was the only self-edited textbook of planning in modern China. This paper makes a comparative analysis of City Planning and its predecessor, the lecture notes of Urbanism. From the perspective of planning history, it reviews the textbook compilation background, publishing process, and author’s experience, as well as its knowledge framework, content, and viewpoints. Based on relevant documents and thoughts at the same period, as well as the actual situation of teaching, theory, and practices, the paper analyzes the sources of knowledge of the textbook, and reveals its knowledge system and essential characteristics. Furthermore, it summarizes its academic value, to deepen the study of planning history in modern China.

KEYWORDS: city planning in modern China; knowledge system; City Planning; self-edited textbook; CHEN Xunxuan

♦ COMMUTING MODELS OF SHANGHAI BASED ON BIG DATA: METHODS AND APPLICATION

Author: GU Jiahuan; WANG De

ABSTRACT: It is difficult for the commuting model based on traditional sampling survey data to accurately reflect the difference in commuting rules caused by urban spatial heterogeneity due to data accuracy and coverage. Cellphone signaling data has the advantages of large sample size, high precision, and full coverage, thus it can be used to establish models with simple structures and high precision. Based on cellphone signaling data, this paper firstly identifies the user’s residence and workplace, and builds a basic origin-specific commuting model of Shanghai. Secondly, the paper analyzes the residual of the basic model and extract new variables to form an optimized model. Further, the independent variables of the residual are generated through an analysis on the autocorrelation of local spaces, and a residual model is formed. The goodness of fit of the optimized model and the residual model is higher than that of the basic model, and the prediction effect is greatly improved. In the application part, case 1 calculates the utility of increasing employment opportunities and puts forward some suggestions for optimizing the spatial distribution of employment in Shanghai. The results of calculation accord with the empirical cognition. Case 2 simulates the effect of job growth in Hongqiao CBD. The results show that for Hongqiao CBD, the commuting time in the surrounding areas should be shortened and the commuting situation in the city should be improved. In this study, in the methodological level, a path of big data modeling is explored; in the application level, this study can provide technical support for optimizing the layout of urban employment opportunities and residential areas.

KEYWORDS: commuting model; residual analysis; spatial statistics; cellphone signaling data; Shanghai

♦ MODIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF IDENTIFICATION METHODS FOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS OF SPECIFIC POPULATION GROUPS

Author: WANG Hui; WU Xiao

ABSTRACT: Based on the definition of employment center and related identification methods in China and foreign countries, in view of the characteristics of specific population groups, this paper redefines the concept of employment center of specific groups, modifies the existing identification methods, and checks the validity. Firstly, in terms of redefining the employment center, following the principle of “part of a whole”, this paper takes into consideration the differences in population composition and influence between the specific groups and the overall urban population, and subdivides the employment centers of specific groups on the basis of the existing definition. Secondly, in terms of the identification process, the original identification methods for employment centers are modified to work with specific groups from two perspectives: subdivision and lower threshold. Thirdly, in terms of verification, the paper takes the employment centers of migrant workers in the main city of Nanjing as an example and compares the results of identification methods before and after modification. The results show that, on the one hand, the modified method can be more detailed and accurate in identifying the employment centers of specific groups and highlighting the macro correlation between specific groups and the overall urban population, which is helpful in further exploring the structural characteristics of employment space of specific groups; on the other hand, in combination with the dynamic comparative study, the modified method can provide a technical basis for exploring the changing characteristics and driving mechanism of employment centers for specific groups.

KEYWORDS: definition of employment center; identification of employment center; modification of method; specific population group; migrant worker

♦ SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY STATION AREAS AND PLANNING RESPONSE

Author: CAO Yang; YU Li; LI Songtao

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the spatial evolution characteristics, influencing mechanism, and spatial response of many high-speed rail station areas. Firstly, in order to refine the general law of the spatial evolution of high-speed railway station areas in China, we identify the spatial form, functional structure, distribution of circumferential space function, and spatial growth of each station over the years with the help of spatial model. Secondly, we propose space impact mechanism of high-speed railway station areas from the three aspects of urban function level, station-city spatial relationship, and the surrounding area of stations. Thirdly, we put forward planning response of station space. The paper follows the main logical line of “station evolution characteristics-influencing factors-space response”, and aims to improve and optimize station space. These are of great significance to both promote the healthy development of the space system of high-speed railway station areas and enhance comprehensive competitiveness of cities with a railway station in the high-speed railway network.

KEYWORDS: high-speed railway station area; spatial evolution; space response

♦ EXPLORATION ON THE PATH OF RURAL REVITALIZATION IN CHINA BASED ON THE PRACTICE OF FEATURED COUNTRYSIDE CONSTRUCTION

Author: ZHANG Wei; XU Ning; HU Jianshuang

ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the top-level policy design of China’s rural development since the new century, as well as the practical process of rural planning and construction, and holds that the rural revitalization strategy is the inevitable result based on the development of the relationship between urbanization and urban and rural areas in the new era. At the same time, based on the fact that the dilemma of rural development is a common problem faced by the global urbanization and modernization development, this paper puts forward the experience that can be used for reference by China’s rural development through the understanding of the practical experience of international rural development. Based on the general background of the national rural revitalization strategy, Jiangsu Province decides to develop featured countryside construction, and has made remarkable achievements in terms of the rural environment and living quality improvement, the collective assets value growth, and the increase of farmers’ income. Moreover, the province has formed a completed set of methods concerning the organization model, the development model, and the design and construction model. By going through the process of the construction of featured countryside in Jiangsu, the paper summarizes that in order to promote rural revitalization, efforts should actively be put into guiding elements flow between urban and rural areas, promoting the interaction between urban and rural areas, boosting regional integration from points to plates, giving full play to all kinds of main body function, promoting the collaborative sharing, building high quality community, and realizing efficient governance. It is expected that references can be provided for rural revitalization in other areas in China, and the “Jiangsu experiences” can be an good example for the exploration on rural revitalization path in the country.

KEYWORDS: rural revitalization; featured countryside; practice path

♦ EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS ON THE PATH OF RURAL REVITALIZATION IN COUNTY REGION UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF FEATURED COUNTRYSIDE CONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF LIYANG CITY IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Author: ZHAO Yi; CHEN Chao; XU Shanshan

ABSTRACT: The featured countryside construction is an important exploration and local practice for Jiangsu to implement the strategy of rural revitalization. The features of Liyang rural space are remarkable, its basis of agricultural development is superior, the farmers’ income is increasing continuously, the development of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” is changing with each passing day. Liyang plans the rural development and promotes the construction of featured countryside systematically through “optimizing the layout of villages by classification, showing the characteristics by group linkage, connecting the points to form a network, strengthening demonstration by pilot project first”, and the overall pattern of featured countryside has been formed by point, line, and surface created in the whole region. Liyang plans country rural revitalization in the development of regional integration, accumulates the kinetic energy of high quality development under the ecological advantage, promotes the quality and efficiency of rural industry in the highlight of characteristics, fills up the short board of rural service in the construction of micro people’s livelihood, accelerates the two-way flow of urban and rural elements in mechanism innovation, and innovates the rural governance system under the co-governance of urban and rural areas, the path of county rural vitalization has been explored and formed from six aspects, including regional coordination, ecological energy storage, industry boost, service equalization, mechanism innovation, and governance integration.

KEYWORDS: featured countryside construction; rural revitalization; path exploration and analysis; county region; Liyang City of Jiangsu Province

♦ RURAL PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION MODE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF “JOINT CREATION”: A CASE STUDY ON TANGMA VILLAGE IN LIYANG CITY

Author: CHEN Chao; ZHAO Yi; LIU Lei

ABSTRACT: In order to implement the strategy of rural revitalization, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development puts forward the concept of “joint creation” for the construction and renovation of human settlements in urban and rural areas. On the basis of existing studies, by expanding the study scope from the renovation of human settlements to the rural planning and construction, this paper analyzes the working mechanism of “joint creation” in the construction of featured countryside in Liyang City. Focusing on the experience of Tangma Village, the paper summarizes its innovation in five aspects: joint planning by multiple parties, joint construction based on companionship, joint governance of neighborhoods, joint evaluation from multiple levels, and sharing of all elements. It is hoped to provide reference for rural revitalization in other areas.

KEYWORDS: joint creation; rural revitalization; featured countryside