City Planning Review（2021.2）

♦ Going Home

Author: SHI Nan

♦ PLANNING SCIENCES AND PLANNING KNOWLEDGE: A CONTEMPORARY STUDY

Author: SHI Nan

ABSTRACT: Based on the three fundamental research projects on planning sciences by the Urban Planning Society of China, this paper studies the relations between urban & territorial planning sciences and contemporary territorial planning practices in China. It is suggested that territorial planning, as a policy making process, should be supported by multiple sciences including the urban & territorial planning sciences, and that the urban & territorial planning sciences should also play an important role in supporting the planning practices in other sections.

KEYWORDS: urban & territorial planning sciences; city planning; territorial planning; city and regional planning discipline

♦ RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING DISCIPLINE IN CHINA

Author: SUN Shiwen

ABSTRACT: This paper is an extract of the UPSC report to China Association for Science and Technology, The Technology Roadmap of Urban and Rural Planning Discipline. Based on the analysis on the characteristics of urban and rural planning discipline and its development process worldwide, especially in China, the paper identifies the scope and domain of the discipline and discusses its future development direction in combination with the goals and demands of the national strategies. The paper positions the urban and rural planning discipline as the backbone of the multidisciplinary interactional platform in the territorial planning practice, and its development goal is to establish a new discipline paradigm with Chinese characteristics and international influence that is well matched to the status of a modernized powerful state. Thus, 10 key issues have been proposed as important areas of work for the future development of the discipline, including some guidance on core contents and difficulties.

KEYWORDS: discipline of urban and rural planning; knowledge system of planning; discipline development; planning knowledge generation; China

♦ “CITIES IN NATURE” VS. “NATURE IN CITIES”: URBAN DESIGN RELIES ON AND HARMONIZES WITH NATURE

Author: WANG Jianguo

ABSTRACT: China has entered a new era of ecological civilization construction, during which the way to deal with the relationship between cities and nature is of increasing importance. The paper traces the evolution of urban development from “cities in nature” to “nature in cities”, analyzes the professional understanding of international scholars on the connection between urban development and natural systems, and focuses on the important challenges that urban development facing today, namely the need to manage the relationship between natural systems and human activities. The paper presents the core principle of “development adaptability” for urban planning in the new era of “ecological priority”, proposes that the future urban development ought to clarify the different spatial types, scales and current features of cities, then adjust measures to local conditions and follow the trend, and finally create a new mode of organic urban development in China with both “ecological” and “local” characteristics.

KEYWORDS: ecological civilization construction; nature in cities; cities in nature; development adaptability; urban design

♦ STRATEGIC EMPHASIS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESILIENT CITIES IN CHINA

Author: ZHAI Guofang; XIA Chenhong

ABSTRACT: The construction of resilient city has become an important strategy to deal with disasters in China. There are a lot of good studies and practices in resilient cities and resilient territorial space all over the world, and have achieved many great results. Based on the analysis of China’s urban security problems, this paper systematically discusses the history of international planning and construction of resilient city, analyzes the situations of domestic planning and construction of resilient city in China, and finally provides some ideas on the strategic emphasis on constructing resilient cities in China, hoping to provide reference for the territorial planning and construction in China.

KEYWORDS: resilience; territorial space; strategic emphasis; disaster response

♦ TRANSFORMATION OF URBANIZATION DRIVING FORCE: INTERNAL CIRCULATION AND CURRENCY

Author: ZHAO Yanjing

ABSTRACT: The division of labor in cities is based on currency. The level of urbanization depends on the proportion of monetary division of labor in the social division of labor. Whether the society adopts a monetary division of labor or a non-monetary division of labor is subject to the amount of money generated by an economy. Domestic currency and foreign currency divide the economy into two currency zones, inside and outside. The division of labor based on the domestic currency is an internal circulation, and the division of labor based on foreign currency is an external circulation. Whether the domestic currency is endogenous or exogenous determines whether the economy is dominated by internal circulation or external circulation. China has long been short of money, which has restricted the level of its urbanization. Since the reform and opening-up, China has generated base currency through trade surplus and bank currency through land finance, forming a dual cycle of economic growth mainly led by extern circulation, providing the basis for the division of labor for the development of urbanization. With the changes in the external environment and the expansion of China’s economic scale, it is difficult for trade to serve as the main source of base currency. The Chinese economy needs to be upgraded to an internal circulation-based economy led by endogenous currency. The endogeneity of base currency is the key to an economy transferring from external circulation to internal circulation. China’s urbanization plays a crucial role in generating the endogenous currency.

KEYWORDS: urbanization; internal circulation; currency

♦ TERRITORIAL PLANNING: PRACTICAL DILEMMA AND SYSTEM RECONSTRUCTION

Author: LI Ruhai

ABSTRACT: The central government proposed to establish the territorial planning system to realize the modernization of territorial governance system and capacity. In this context, facing the planning disorder caused by the accumulated disadvantages of urban-rural dual structure, unreasonable competitions and interest games between local governments and their departments for many years, it is requisite to make a logical definition of the territorial planning, deconstruct the territorial planning and its related concept categories, and clarify the connections between the territorial planning and the related planning in the analytical framework of “planning-connection-system”, so as to establish the territorial planning system of “multiple-plan integration”.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; planning system; multi-plan integration; territorial governance

♦ ON THE INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF CHINA’S RIVER BASIN: THE ENLIGHTENMENT FROM INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Author: WANG Qixuan; REN Jie

ABSTRACT: The territorial planning of river basin is clearly included in the framework of territorial planning system. In China’s current planning practices, there have been the planning with basin space as the main body but with varied connotations. By studying the development of river basin planning at home and abroad and drawing on the experience of developed countries, it is found that: China’s current comprehensive river basin planning is the planning with water resources utilization, flood control and disaster reduction, and water ecological protection as the core under the water resources planning system, which is deficient in terms of insufficient spatial attributes and mismatching of management functions; river basin planning in foreign countries mainly aims at the comprehensive utilization and management of water resources, and the comprehensive planning and management model of Tennessee River Basin in the United States can be a useful reference for China’s territorial planning of river basin; the territorial planning of river basin should take basin as the main body and water resources as the core content, and the planning content should fully reflect the comprehensive spatial management and control of the whole region, and the reform of management institutions should pay more attention to the cross-regional coordination.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning of river basin; international experience; territory planning system; institutional construction

♦ THREE QUESTIONS ON COMPREHENSIVE URBAN DESIGN

Author: WU Xiao; WANG Chenghui; YIN Ming; QIAN Chenli

ABSTRACT: Practice of large-scale comprehensive urban design is often accompanied by all kinds of controversies and confusions. Based on years of practice, this paper aims to answer such key questions as follows. Firstly, what is the most important thing that comprehensive urban design needs to focus on? Secondly, how does comprehensive urban design find an efficient entry point? Thirdly, how to ensure the operability of its results in practice? On this basis, the paper develops an effective technical framework for comprehensive urban design, which can be taken as an exemplary guarantee and support for shaping and optimizing the overall urban landscape and spatial morphology of the city.

KEYWORDS: comprehensive urban design; characteristic pattern; operability; technical framework

♦ ON THE SPATIAL ALLOCATION OF THE QUANTITY AND DIVERSITY OF BASIC URBAN PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN INNER CITY

Author: LIU Helin; ZHENG Tianming; NIE Jingxin

ABSTRACT: The spatial allocation of urban basic public service facilities is one of the focuses in urban planning. In existing literatures and projects, the diversity of basic public facilities has not been well considered within a fine spatial analysis unit. Regarding the principle of basic public service equalization and considering the real population within a certain service area, this paper insists that the diversity and quantity of the basic public services need to be emphasized so that people’s diverse demands can be well serviced. Taking Wuhan Inner City as an example, this paper uses GIS technology, POI data, and the Tencent Data as the basis to examine the public basic service facilities’ spatial distribution in terms of quantity and diversity. From quantity perspective, a typical core-edge pattern is found in terms of overall quantity; but the spatial distribution of the quantity per capita is sandwich-structured. Regarding diversity, it also presents a core-edge pattern, and the spatial distribution of diversity is quite related to population distribution. However, it does not strictly follow the distance-declining law, which is common in urban economy.

KEYWORDS: basic public service facilities; spatial allocation; quantity characteristic; diversity characteristic; Wuhan City

♦ ANALYSIS OF THE THEME AND EVOLUTION PROCESS OF URBAN VILLAGE RENEWAL POLICIES IN SHENZHEN: BASED ON POLICY TEXTS FROM 2009 TO 2019

Author: YUAN Dinghuan; HUANG Xiaoqi; BAO Haijun; LIN Wenyi

ABSTRACT: The policy text is the core component of a policy, and thematic analysis of the text content can help to clarify the distribution and evolution of policy themes. This paper analyzes Shenzhen’s urban village renewal policies from 2009 to 2019 by using thematic analysis. According to the nouns that are extracted for policy content analysis, the renewal policies are divided into two main thematic categories and eight sub-categories. According to the verbs that are extracted for policy text classification, the policies are divided into three categories: encouragement policies, guidance policies and compulsory policies. Analysis on the evolution process of policies shows that the structure of the three types of policies is becoming reasonable, reflecting the gradual improvement of urban village renewal policies in Shenzhen. By analyzing the evolution process of the theme content, policies are summarized into two stages: the breakthrough stage of the renewal method and the guidance stage of renewal innovation. Based on the research results, this paper put forward some suggestions to further improve the efficiency of renewal policies.

KEYWORDS: Shenzhen; urban villages; renewal policy; thematic analysis; policy evolution

♦ THE WAY OF VITALITY REGENERATION OF INNER CITY BLOCKS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNITY BUILDING: A CASE STUDY OF MUSLIM QUARTER IN XI’AN CITY

Author: DONG Kunpeng; LIU Honglin; XU Jiangang; LI Hao

ABSTRACT: The inner city blocks carried the residents’ feelings and memories. It is a charming space to show the city's cultural heritage. Taking the Muslim Quarter in Xi’an City – a typical inner city block as an example, this paper summarized the characteristics of the vitality of Muslim Quarter in Xi’an from the five aspects of “people, culture, geography, industry and landscape” based on the multiple perspectives of community building. Then, this paper probed into the reasons of inner city block vitality decline and the way of community construction to stimulate vitality regeneration. It's been found that daily life, cultural identity, continuous space, diverse industries and vivid habitat experience are the most important reasons for the vitality of Muslim Quarter in Xi’an. Based on these, in the face of the vitality crisis of Muslim Quarter in Xi’an owing to loss of indigenous people, dissolution of regional culture, decay of site space, decline of industrial characteristics and stagnation of habitat development, this paper proposed a community building path based on the site, industry and habitat by taking cultural confidence as the guide, residents’ needs as the primary goal, and cultural inheritance as the core, to stimulate the vitality regeneration.

KEYWORDS: community building; inner city block; vitality regeneration; cultural confidence; Muslim Quarter in Xi’an City

♦ EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY RENEWAL BASED ON SOCIAL NETWORK THEORY: TAKING GUCUN IN BAOSHAN DISTRICT, SHANGHAI AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: YANG Chen; XIN Lei; TIAN Feng

ABSTRACT: This paper conducts analysis and comparison between two networks of public facilities and residents’ behaviors by applying the Social Network Analysis method. The relationship between facility layout and residents’ behaviors are investigated through three dimensions of their network: network structure, centrality, and clique. The study pays special attention to the aspect of “bridging ties” and makes quantitative evaluation of current public facilities’ social contribution. Moreover, the functional mechanism of facilities’ space attributes (location, size, and activity) is analyzed from the perspectives of their positive and negative effects on residents’ interaction. Based on this, a theoretical framework and planning guidance are proposed for further improvement of residents’ settlement intention.

KEYWORDS: social network; social network analysis; community renewal; evaluation; large scale community