City Planning Review（2019.10）

♦ TRACE

Author: SHI Nan

♦ NEW DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE 14^TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN PERIOD AND THE SPATIAL PLANNING RESPONSE

Author: LUO Xiaolong; LU Jiancheng

ABSTRACT: In the 14^{t h} Five -Year Plan period, China will enter a new era of economic transformation and institutional innovation. As an important policy tool, spatial planning will effectively support the transformation and development of the country. This paper analyzes the new trends of social and economic development in the new era, which includes that economic development will enter the “new normal”, urbanization development will enter a new stage, and ecological civilization will enter a new period. In this context, the high-quality development has become the starting point for all the work. Thus, spatial planning should focus on optimizing the configuration of supply-side elements, serving the transition of driving forces for development, and controlling natural resources in an all-round way. The paper also points out the key issues of spatial planning in the new period, including the development of urban and rural space, the improvement of urban quality, and the construction of ecological civilization.

KEYWORDS: economic and social development; new trends; high-quality development; spatial planning; 14^th Five-Year Plan period  

♦ STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SPATIAL PLANNING SYSTEM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONNOTATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Author: ZHOU Suhong; CHEN Fei; DAI Yingyi

ABSTRACT: As China’s urban development has entered a new stage, the speed of urban development has slowed down and major social contradictions have transformed. In this new situation, it is important to rebuild the spatial planning system, improve the quality of urban space, and achieve urban connotative development. This paper reviews the development and evolution of Chinese spatial planning and puts forward a conception of connotative quality spatial planning system. It then points out that the premise of connotative development is to improve the technical system and implementation mechanism design of “bottom line management and control” based on “one blueprint”. The guarantee of connotative development is to construct and perfect a high quality spatial planning system that meets hierarchies of human needs. Furthermore, it puts forward that the promotion of spatial planning system should focus on the following aspects: perfecting the living circle planning system to ensure the basic survival needs of individuals, constructing the special planning system to ensure individual high-level survival needs in health, safety, belonging, etc., and improving the participatory planning system to ensure individual needs of self-actualization.

KEYWORDS: connotative development; bottom-line management and control; high quality spatial planning system; hierarchy of needs

♦ INFLUENCE OF URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION ON REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION DIVISION OF SMALL TOWNS: A CASE STUDY OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

Author: CHEN Qianhu; PAN Bing; SI Mengqi

ABSTRACT: As important nodes of urban-rural interaction, small towns have been playing a special role in China’s regional economic and social development. During the 14^th Five-Year Plan period, the mechanism construction of urban-rural integration development will vigorously promote the free flow and reconfiguration of urban-rural elements, meanwhile small towns will also face the strategic transformation from “regional differentiation” to “regional division of labor.” On the basis of the current social spatial polarization and functional differentiation characteristics of small towns in Zhejiang Province, this paper analyzes the influence of urban-rural integration development strategy on the regional specialization division of small towns. In addition, the paper proposes targeted strategic guidance and policy in accordance with different regions and different types of small towns, in the hope of providing an insight into the characteristic coordinated development path of small towns in Zhejiang Province during the 14^th Five- Year Plan period and providing a reference for other provinces in China.

KEYWORDS: urban-rural integration; small towns; specialization division; classification management; Zhejiang Province

♦ NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL REVITALIZATION PATH IN THE ERA OF MOBILE INTERNET

Author: LUO Zhendong; XIANG Jingyi

ABSTRACT: This article systematically expounds the new development trends such as the re-shrinking of the digital divide between urban and rural areas in the era of Mobile Internet, the innovation of urban-rural interaction, and the increasing participation of urban and rural society, and presents new phenomena and new problems in rural development under the new trend. Then, in response to phenomena and problems, the article proposes that rural revitalization in the new era requires bottom-up and top-down forces and mechanisms to promote high-quality rural content production, improve rural living environment, and promote modernization of rural governance. And in the end, it puts forward to some aspects that need attention in the rural revitalization practice and the 14^th Five-Year Plan.

KEYWORDS: the era of Mobile Internet; new rural areas; rural revitalization; 14^th Five-Year Plan; path

♦ BEYOND “PREDICAMENT OF ANTI-COMMONS”: MECHANISM DESIGN AND PLANNING RESPONSE IN URBAN RENEWAL

Author: LUAN Xiaofan; TAO Ran

ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, industrialization and urbanization of China have been boosted very fast through an institutionalized land expropriation and leasing system. A lot of urban villages appeared driven by various elements including the constant expansion of city border, the circumvention around rural homestead, and the housing demand by medium- and low-income group in the large number of migrant population. In recent years, in order to pursue economic benefits and promote city image, government of cities tried to accelerate the urban village redevelopment and urban renewal, but only resulting in slow progress and deepened social conflicts. The authors introduce the concept of “predicament of anti-commons” and related theory to explain the predicament in urban planning renewal, which can be summarized as “the anti-commons predicament of wild speculation” by “nail households” in different areas and “the anti-commons predicament of too many leaders” caused by commonly existing “multi-department management” by government. The paper proposes a two-step game mechanism design accompanied with a simplification of urban renewal approval process to address the serious challenges in China’s urban village redevelopment and urban renewal.

KEYWORDS: predicament of the anti-commons; urban renewal; two-step game mechanism design; simplification of planning approval process

♦ COMMUTING CIRCLE-BASED SPATIAL STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION OF MEGA-CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN CENTRAL CITY

Author: GUO Liang; ZHENG Chaoyang; HUANG Jianzhong; YUAN Man; MA Yuxiao; HE Hui

ABSTRACT: Studying the commuting circle is of great significance for further understanding the operational characteristics of spatial structure and improving spatial performance of mega-cities. This paper identifies the spatial distribution of main commuting circles in Wuhan central city by using LBS (Location Based Service) data. According to the measurement of the circle structure, internal composition, and external form of the commuting circle, the paper analyzes the relation between the spatial distribution of the commuting circle-based commuting intensity and the spatial structure layout and operation characteristics of the mega-city, as well as its internal causes. The study finds: the spatial distribution of commuting circles in the central city is a relatively concentrated “multi-center” structure with the “commuting center” as its core; the internal structure is spread in a circle and the “enclave” and cross-region commuting are obvious; with the expansion of the commuting circle, the occupational and residential deviation index, the main land use factor indicators, and the traffic environment factor indicators drop; the size and form of commuting circles depend on its internal land use composition, land mixing degree, and the speed and efficiency of commuting corridor-dominated transportation mode; the “dislocation” layout of the transportation mode system supply and three types of commuting circle-based commuting travel demand reduces the operational performance of the spatial structure of the central city. Accordingly, based on the accurate identification of the spatial distribution and internal structure of commuting circles, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for improving space operation performance of mega-cities, by giving priority to improving the organization of the internal transportation system, appropriately expanding the passenger flow channel across commuting circles in the central city to gradually expand its coverage, and prudently developing the expressway system.

KEYWORDS: commuting circle; spatial structure; spatial performance; optimization; LBS; Wuhan

♦ “BEIJING IDEA” OF SPATIAL PLANNING AT THE IMPLEMENTATION LEVEL: TAKE PLAIN AREA OUTSIDE THE CITY CENTER AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: SHU Ning

ABSTRACT: Under the background of ecological civilization, a new round of institutional integration and reconstruction of spatial planning system aimed at modernization of spatial governance system and governance capacity is under way. Based on the analysis of the current situation of planning reform in China, this paper mainly summarizes the characteristics of district planning (county-level spatial planning) in Beijing. Taking Daxing District, plain area outside the city center, as an example, where the problem of land supply and demand is severely serious, combined with difficulties in district planning preparation and implementation, this paper puts forward the key countermeasures of spatial governance on the “supply side”, hoping to provide “Beijing idea” for other mega-cities in the country under the background of shrinking development.

KEYWORDS: county-level spatial planning; district planning; spatial governance

♦ CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CRIMINAL LAW AND THE URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING LAW

Author: LI Fei

ABSTRACT: The Criminal Law and the Urban and Rural Planning Law need to be closely connected in the era of urban life in order to effectively deal with planning crimes. However, regarding the protection of legal interests of planning, there is neither administrative criminal law in a real sense, nor independent charges corresponding to it as defined by the Criminal Law. From the standpoint of protection of legal interests, the pattern of planning legal interests in China has changed, and the general and asymmetrical charges of the existing Criminal Law cannot effectively evaluate and punish the infringement of planning legal interests. The Criminal Law should not only improve the case guidance over planning crimes, but also revise the criminal legislation, which should consider not only setting up independent charges of planning crimes but also achieving the control over planning crimes by using related established charges.

KEYWORDS: Urban and Rural Planning Law; criminal legislation; planning legal interests; planning crime; case guidance; specific charges

♦ APPLICATION OF TRANSECT PLANNING IN URBAN REGENERATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE URBAN REGENERATION PROGRAM IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF GUANGZHOU NEW CENTRAL AXIS

Author: QI Dongjin; ZHOU Jianyun; ZHAO Rui

ABSTRACT: This paper starts with an analysis on the predicament of traditional urban planning method in urban regeneration, and analyzes the morphological characteristics of the urban regeneration area in the southern part of the new central axis of Guangzhou by using the transect planning method, before developing the development vision and planning strategy of each district. The urban design scheme is defined as seven types of zones through the regulatory plan, and the form-based codes are used as guidelines for urban regeneration. It is emphasized that transect planning is based on morphological zones and provides a coherent approach from the analyses of present state to the planning of the vision and to the form-based codes. The key to translating the urban (community) development vision into a regulatory form is to form a social consensus. The method can be applied to the urban regeneration or “micro-transformation”.

KEYWORDS: transect planning; form-based codes; urban regeneration; inventory planning

♦ RESEARCH ON THE INTEGRATED RENEWAL OF ADJACENT SEGREGATED RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN URBAN CENTER: BASED ON THE THEORY OF URBAN ORGANIC RENEWAL

Author: YE Yijun; ZHANG Yibing

ABSTRACT: This paper summarizes the current situation of research on adjacent segregated residential areas and analyzes what causes those adjacent segregated residential areas in urban center, as well as their characteristics and influences. Then, the paper introduces the theory of urban organic renewal and explores the internal relationship between the theory and adjacent segregated residential areas. Furthermore, it proposes practical renewal strategies from the three aspects of physical environment, social structure, and public service, in order to achieve a healthy development of urban residential space.

KEYWORDS: theory of urban organic renewal; adjacent segregated; residential area; integrated renewal

♦ DEFINITION OF DUALITY OF SUNLIGHT RIGHT IN URBAN-RURAL PLANNING ADMINISTRATION

Author: CHEN Yong; HUA Chen

ABSTRACT: Based on the Property Law, this paper focuses on how to define the duality of the sunlight right, the neighboring rights and easement in urban-rural planning administration. By means of logic analysis, empirical analysis and comparative studies, below problems are pointed out: the sunlight standard is defined only with the lower limit without the upper limit, which leads to an ineffective definition of the duality; the administrative discretion has been doubted and challenged due to absence of necessary upper limits; the administrative proceeding does not help to fully define the subject of the duality; urban-rural planning defines the duality in substance, however with doubtful legal validity. The paper suggests that the definitions of the duality should not only stress the cutting point but also highlight the following three aspects: citizen make the actual neighboring rights as the upper limit of neighboring rights, and produce influence on the definition through democratic participation and legal lawsuit; the government should define the actual neighboring rights as the lower limit and the neighboring rights in planning as the upper limit, and be highly discretionary and presumption of validity within this limits; and the court should participate and affect the definitions by the ultimate judicial sentence and equitable principle.

KEYWORDS: property right; sunlight right; neighboring right; easement; urban-rural planning

♦ EXPLORATION ON REFINED AND SERVICE-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC CONSERVATION NEIGHBORHOOD IN SHANGHAI: A CASE STUDY OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT ON THE CONSERVATION ELEMENTS OF HISTORIC CONSERVATION NEIGHBORHOODS IN XUHUI DISTRICT, SHANGHAI

Author: QIAN Feng; ZHANG Hui

ABSTRACT: Shanghai launched the administrative management of historic conservation neighborhoods since 2016. This paper clarifies the concept of historic conservation neighborhoods and puts forward that the historic conservation neighborhoods are both historic environment and specific spatial units for public administration, which have the same legal status as the historic conservation areas. Then it analyzes the overall characteristics of the first batch of 119 historic conservation neighborhoods and takes three cases of historic conservation neighborhoods in Xuhui District as examples to evaluate their conservation elements and summarize their characteristics of refined and service-oriented management.

KEYWORDS: historic conservation neighborhoods; refined; service-oriented

♦ SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND RENEWAL OF PEDESTRIAN-ORIENTED CITY CENTRE: A CASE STUDY ON BIRMINGHAM IN THE UK

Author: HOU Wenjun; GE Tianyang; YANG Jianqiang

ABSTRACT: From a pedestrian-oriented perspective, this paper conducts a multi-dimensional analysis on the city centre of Birmingham in the UK. It analyzes and summarizes the evolution stages, traffic structure, functional layout, and space allocation of the city centre, and interprets the related regulations, renewal plans, and detail designs. The papers finds that the spatial structure has shifted from car-oriented to pedestrian-oriented in the past one hundred years, a complete pedestrian-oriented spatial organization system has been established, and a planning system composed of policies and spatial plans at various levels has guaranteed the pedestrian-oriented trend of renewal and development.

KEYWORDS: pedestrian-oriented; city centre; urban renewal; Birmingham