City Planning Review（2021.7）

♦ The Centenary

Author:SHI Nan

♦ MANAGEMENT UNITS OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY: SIGNIFICANCE, FORMATION AND APPLICATION

Author:TIAN Yinsheng

ABSTRACT: Carrying rich historical and cultural connotations, the urban morphology needs to be properly managed, but it faces great difficulty due to the complexity of the urban form in terms of physical condition and property ownership. Identifying management units is an effective way to put order into the complexity and overcome difficulty. The management units are formed by the integration of morphological regions and property ownership regions. They can be categorized into different types and levels in accordance with their different historical and cultural value and property ownership, and each unit achieves specialized planning and design treatment by the responsible agents according to the corresponding guidelines. This simplifies the management work of urban morphology in a way of dividing a complex whole into its parts and ensures that each of the parts is managed in a reasonable manner. Covering the whole urban area, a system of management unit can be established and turn the city into "city in the units". In this way, the urban context can be sorted out, and an organic renewal order can be established to help realize the sustainable development of urban history and culture.

KEYWORDS: urban morphology; management unit; urban context; conservation and development; organic renewal

♦ RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN HOUSING BLOCK IN CHINA AND REFLECTIONS ON IT

Author:TAN Wenyong; TANG Zhili

ABSTRACT: In response to the new trend of housing block, this paper first reviews the development and evolution process of housing block in China since 1949 from a chronological perspective. The paper concludes that there are four stages in this process, namely the brief practice under the influence of the Soviet Union, hard development during the criticism of residential quarter, differentiated development under the pressure of residential quarter, and the tortuous recovery in the market economy, which can be summarized as an evolution track of "one turn and two regressions". Then, the paper conducts discussions from the perspectives of spatial nature of the residential area, residents' living habits, and their housing needs. In the end, the paper points out that in the construction of residential areas in the new era, due attention should be paid to balancing the relationship between the residential area and the city, highlighting the cultural characteristics of the residential area, maintaining its diversity, and drawing valuable and meaningful essence of residential area construction in both China and abroad, with the hope to develop a new mode of housing block construction with Chinese characteristics.

KEYWORDS: housing block; planning and design concept; regression; evolution

♦3D-MEASURE CONTROL METHODS FOR VISUAL CORRIDOR IN URBAN PLANNING BASED ON VISUAL FUNCTION: A CASE STUDY OF HISTORIC CITY PRESERVATION PLANNING IN KASHGAR, XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION

Author:PANG Feng; WANG Jing; WANG Li; DONG Haitao

ABSTRACT:Due to the lack of quantitative technical method in the design of visual corridor, a 3D-Measure Control Methods Model is developed based on the analysis on human visual function and effective distance and angles of visibility. This is the major research method to control the longitudinal elevation relationship between the landscape viewpoints and the target landmarks and to coordinate the transverse hierarchical elevation relationship between the targets and the surrounding environments. So the buildings and structures in the positive control zone and the coordinated control zone can be quantified hierarchically, and the height threshold of the landscape objects can be estimated scientifically. It will provide theoretical and technical support for exploring the coordinated control strategies for the protection and development of historic and cultural cities, based on the orderly height control, landscape control, and multi-factor coupling influence.

KEYWORDS: visual acuity; visual corridor; target landmark; hierarchical control of height; 3D-Measure Control Methods; Kashgar

♦EVALUATION OF THE CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION VALUE ABOUT ABANDONED ANCIENT VILLAGES: TAKING DAZILIANG VILLAGE, LUONAN COUNTY, SHAANXI PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

Author:DUAN Degang; YOU Zhiyu; HE Jun; CHEN Lian

ABSTRACT: With the continuous advancement of urbanization, a large number of abandoned villages have emerged in China in recent years, which have rich historical accumulation and utilization value. How to evaluate the conservation and utilization value of these abandoned ancient villages has become a concern in the academic field. The study based on detailed field surveys takes the abandoned ancient villages in the southern area of Shaanxi as the research object, and a hierarchic approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis is applied to build an evaluation model of abandoned ancient villages from the four aspects, i.e., the historical culture, natural environment, architectural heritage, and utilization conditions, in order to evaluate the comprehensive conservation value and the possibility of utilization. What's more, with Daziliang Village in Luonan County as an example, the feasibility of the conservation and utilization of the abandoned ancient villages is analyzed based on the evaluation score, including corresponding policy recommendations.

KEYWORDS: abandoned villages; ancient village; comprehensive value evaluation; conservation and utilization; southern Shaanxi

♦ ADAPTIVE CHANGES OF TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFT VILLAGES UNDER THE RULE OF CONSANGUINITY COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF XIZHUANG VILLAGE IN XINJIANG COUNTY, SHANXI PROVINCE

Author:ZHANG Xing; HE Yi

ABSTRACT: In the context of intangible cultural heritage protection, the traditional handicraft village which has witnessed rural industrial development in the agrarian age has drawn attention again. With both rich culture and economic benefits, these villages become an important carrier of living heritage under the background of rural vitalization. Taking Xizhuang Village in Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province as an example, this paper reveals the evolution characteristics of traditional handicraft villages in the process of transformation from agricultural society to industrial society from a social-space perspective. Specifically, in the agricultural society, traditional handicraft villages had a closely linked kinship, production organization, and religious belief under the guidance of the blood relationship of clan structure, forming an integrated social-space form of residence, production, and spiritual space. However, in the industrial society, the development of handicraft economy drives the transformation of the socialspace form: the social structure is changed from clan-dominated to nuclear family-dominated; the production space begin to be separated from the village; the residential space is divided into detached houses instead of the previous clan compound; and the spiritual space is transformed into public space. Because of the blood relationship-based intergenerational inheritance mode of handicrafts, the consanguinity community has always been the main carrier of handicrafts development, and has become the stable foundation for maintaining the social-space form of the village. Accordingly, the adaptive changes of traditional handicraft villages facilitate them to maintain the interconnection of society, economy, and space in the context of social and economic transformation, presenting unique vitality amid relative stability.

KEYWORDS: traditional handicraft village; consanguinity community; social relations; spatial form; evolution characteristics; Xizhuang Village

♦ PRACTICE-ORIENTED HEIGHT CONTROL FOR THE OLD CITY OF NANJING: HEIGHT RESEARCH IN URBAN DESIGN OF THE OLD CITY OF NANJING BASED ON LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION

Author:GAO Yuan; WANG Jianguo; ZHANG Yu

ABSTRACT: Reasonable height control is the key point and difficulty in the preservation of historic cities. In consideration of both landscape preservation and urban development, technical route integrating landscape image design and height similarity calculation is put forward based on statutory height control, and the height control diagram is formed with the fundamental purpose of operation and feasibility in the whole process. Firstly, height control contents in various statutory plans are integrated into one map, which provides a rigid upper limit and reflects the legitimacy of the research. Secondly, national standards, local policies, and development actualities are combined into different steps in height calculation and image design to support the rationality. To meet the uncertainty in the future, independent height control, revised reference for large plots, and discretion review for special items are suggested finally, which ensures flexibility for adjustment in the following planning management.

KEYWORDS: urban design practice orientation; landscape preservation; building height control; the old city of Nanjing

♦ AUTONOMOUS RURAL SPATIAL GOVERNANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK

Author:LI Guangbin; WANG Yong

ABSTRACT: Based on the connotation of autonomy, this paper gets through abstraction two key elements of autonomous rural spatial governance: "endogenous authority" and "rural land capitalization". Characterized by "value embeddedness", "relationship embeddedness", and "interest embeddedness", the endogenous authority is able to act as an effective subject of autonomous rural spatial governance. In the rural land reform, rural land capitalization has become the most important source of funding for autonomous rural spatial governance. On the basis of the combination and correlation between endogenous authority and rural land capitalization, the paper establishes a comprehensive analysis framework, with the hope to deepen the understanding of autonomous rural spatial governance.

KEYWORDS: rural spatial governance; autonomy; endogenous authority; rural land capitalization

♦ IDENTIFYING URBAN TOURISM CORRIDOR BASED ON FLOATING CAR DATA: A CASE STUDY OF XIAMEN

Author:LIAO Yanqing; GAO Yue'er; SHI Zhifa

ABSTRACT: Based on the floating car data during the Spring Festival of 2018, this paper studies urban tourism corridors. By selecting major scenic spots, hotels, shopping centers, and transportation hubs as the origin （O） and destination （D） for tourists, this paper correlates and matches the OD and GPS data of taxis, and figures out the driving trajectory of taxis. It also identifies the tourism corridors through the line density analysis, and studies the spatial structure and characteristics of tourism corridors by taking Xiamen as an example. The results show that there are some spatial and temporal differences of Xiamen's tourism corridors, and the spatial structure of "three main and five secondary" corridors has been formed in general. The main corridors carry the traffic flow between the main scenic spots and tourism service facilities, and the secondary corridors undertake external tourism traffic links from the tourism core area. The method proposed by this study can provide reference for urban traffic planning and tourism planning.

KEYWORDS: urban tourism; tourism corridor; line density analysis; GPS trajectory

♦ IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCE OF MORNING PEAK-HOUR TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN SHANGHAI

Author:ZHANG Yuepeng; WANG De

ABSTRACT: It is more accurate to identify daily departure trip behavior through mobile signaling data than the complete trip chain. Based on the departure trips which are closely related to urban morning peak-hour trips, the source of traffic congestion can be identified with the help of the mobile phone big data. This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of departure trip behaviors from four perspectives: time, distance, direction, and density and summarizes different patterns of departure trip behaviors. The paper finds that high density, long distance, and concentrated direction trip behavior in a short period of time that exert the greatest pressure on the traffic system are the main source of morning peakhour congestion. The source is mainly distributed in large residential communities near the outer ring road, such as Pengpu New Village in Jing'an District and Gucun Town in Baoshan District, Shanghai.

KEYWORDS: departure trip; morning peak hours; source of traffic congestion; mobile signaling data

♦ RESEARCH ON GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING OF MOUNTAINOUS CITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION: TAKING JIULONGPO NEW TOWN IN CHONGQING AS AN EXAMPLE

Author:ZHAO Wanmin; FENG Mao; LI Yunyan; DENG Yu

ABSTRACT: Under the background of highspeed urbanization, mountainous cities are facing ecological crises including the deterioration of self-regulation ability of urban ecosystem and the deterioration of human settlements due to their complex natural environment characteristics. As a support system of natural life, green infrastructure has diverse ecosystem service functions, which ensures the adaptability, self-organization, and sustainability of urban ecosystem. It is a basic project to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China. By combing the development history of green infrastructure planning, drawing lessons from the case of strategic planning in Europe and America, and combining the characteristics of green ecological space in mountainous areas, this paper constructs a green infrastructure planning framework of risk assessment, green network construction, priority evaluation, and resilience management. Taking the strategic planning of green infrastructure in Jiulongpo New Town of Chongqing as an example, the framework is applied to analyze the evolution mechanism of green ecological space, construct a global green network integrating "mountain, water, green space, and culture", hoping to realize risk control, factor measurement and control, and ecological control of mountainous cities, as well as providing methods and inspiration for exploring the path of urbanization under the guidance of ecological civilization.

KEYWORDS: green infrastructure; planning framework; regional green network; space control; Jiulongpo New Town

♦ APPLICATION OF REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL PLANNING

Author:ZHU Chasong; LIU Jianxiao; WEN Chaoxiang

ABSTRACT: Regarding the various planning conflicts between different regions, this paper takes the practice and theory of regional contracts in foreign countries as reference, and discusses the background of regional administrative contracts in China, the actual needs in the spatial planning practice, and the main exchange means of regional contracts. Meanwhile, the paper classifies regional administrative contracts from different perspectives, sets up the establishment procedures of the contracts, and explores possible solutions to the potential controversy.

KEYWORDS: regional; administrative contract; spatial planning; system

♦ FIFTY YEARS OF URBAN DESIGN PRACTICE AND EXPLORATION: INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR ZHENG ZHENG

Author:YANG Junyan; QIN Shiwen; ZHANG Fangyuan