City Planning Review（2021.10）

♦ Initiative of UPSC on Further Strengthening the Construction of Academic Integrity in Planning Industry

♦EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF RURAL CONSTRUCTION EVALUATION SYSTEM: BASED ON A SURVEY OF TWELVE COUNTIES IN FOUR PROVINCES

Author:LI Xun; HUANG Yaofu; CHEN Wei; QIN Xiaozhen; CHEN Luan; XU Weipan

ABSTRACT: "Implementing the rural construction action" is a key part of putting into place the rural revitalization strategy, and developing a scientific rural construction evaluation index system is the basis for narrowing urban-rural gaps and for guiding policy formulation and implementation. However, most of the existing evaluation systems are based on the multi-index comprehensive weighted analysis and the performance ranking, resulting in the fact that it is difficult to find real problems and gaps in rural construction from evaluation results. Taking the law and internal logic of rural development into account, this paper develops a goal-, problem-, and result-oriented rural construction evaluation index system and method. Through an empirical analysis of twelve counties in four provinces, the paper proves that this index system can effectively find urban-rural gaps and problems in rural construction. Based on the evaluation results, the paper suggests establishing a rural construction evaluation mechanism and implementing house-centered rural construction actions.

KEYWORDS: rural construction; urban-rural gaps; index system; rural house; in-situ urbanization

♦SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND RESILIENT PATTERN RECONSTRUCTION OF RURAL INDUSTRY IN URBAN FRINGE AREAS: A CASE STUDY ON THE WESTERN SUBURBS OF TIANJIN CITY

Author:TIAN Jian; ZENG Suiping

ABSTRACT:In the context of globalization and urbanization, there are systemic risks in the development of rural industries in urban fringe areas, such as insufficient internal impetus, declining governance capacity, lagging livelihood security, and strained ecological security. Combined with the features of system function, stability, and sustainability, the paper establishes a systematic risk assessment method for rural industry and analyzes the spatial clustering law and causes of system risk. Then, based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, and from the perspective of improving the system's self-adaptability, self-coordination and selforganization, a strategy of restructuring the system resilience pattern of rural industry in urban fringe area is proposed, with the endogenous cultivation of industrial resilience as the core and the coordinated governance of system elements as the guarantee. It is hoped to realize the transformation from "single risk management" to "system resilience cultivation" and to provide beneficial reference for the study of long-term systematic risk management and highquality development mode of rural industry in urban fringe areas.

KEYWORDS：urban fringe; rural industry; systematic risk; resilient development; endogenous cultivation; collaborative governance

♦SPATIAL GOVERNANCE OF SMALL CATCHMENT IN RURAL AREAS: THEORETICAL LOGIC, PRACTICE BASIS AND REALIZATION PATH

Author:QIAO Jie; HONG Liangping; Mike CRANG; LI Xiaofeng

ABSTRACT: As a basic unit of rural industrial development and space activities of human settlements in mountainous areas, small catchment is responsible for both regional ecological protection and rural revitalization. This paper proposes that an important way and target of rural space governance is to develop a more efficient governance model by making the most of the resource superiority and local knowledge of mountainous areas. Firstly, the paper analyzes the spatial governance logic of small catchments from three aspects: the ecological unit of human settlements, the social-economicecological system, and the elastic scale and multicenter network based on geographical, societal, and governance theoretical research foundations and analytical frameworks. Secondly, based on an empirical study of rural small catchments in Changyang Tujia Autonomous County in the Wuling mountainous area, it proposes a multi-layered space governance basis featuring "geography-societygovernance" integration in rural small catchments from the three levels of geographic identification, local identity, and governance feasibility. Finally, in response to China's requirements for improving the ecological progress system and strengthening space governance capacity, rural small catchments in mountainous areas can achieve space governance targets through eco-space governance, povertystricken space governance, and spatial organization governance of human settlements, to provide an important policy design tool and implementation path for solving the "fragmented" governance dilemma in mountainous areas.

KEYWORDS: rural planning; small catchment; spatial governance; Changyang Tujia Autonomous County; Wuling mountainous area

♦ SUSTAINABLE RURAL CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC GOODS PROVISION: PREDICAMENTS, CAUSES, AND INSTITUTIONAL OPTIMIZATION

Author:SHI Xinxin; HU Wen; SUN Yuanhe

ABSTRACT: Taking three villages in ChengduChongqing region as the object of empirical research, this paper analyzes the institutional framework for the three kinds of rural construction paths, i.e., government leading, government-capital co-leading, and villagers' self-built, and discusses the achievements, predicaments, or deficiencies in the construction and maintenance of village public goods. The research shows that in the game between the government, the market entity, and villagers, the primary cause for the unsustainable provision of village public goods is the inconsistency between the supplier and the beneficiary. The key to solving this problem is to make villagers as the principal body in rural construction and stimulate their endogenous power. Combined with local institutional innovation and practical experience, this paper puts forward optimization strategies for the existing rural construction paths, and proposes policy suggestions for the stimulation of villagers' endogenous power, so as to guarantee the equal rights of villagers and realize the sustainable rural construction and governance through empowering and enriching villagers.

KEYWORDS: rural construction; public goods; sustainable development; empirical research; endogenous power; institutional optimization

♦ NEW REGIONALISM AND "DEFECT RESCALING": DISCUSSION ON THE GOVERNANCE PARADIGM OF COVID-19 PREVENTION IN CHINA

Author:ZHOU Zihang; ZHANG Jingxiang; QIU Ruixiang

ABSTRACT: Starting from the outbreak of COVID-19, this paper explains the impact of the epidemic on regionalism characterized by regional integration and rescaling of politics, and summarizes the theoretical paradigm of coping with defects in the field of governance of urban planning, including the response to physical, social and functional defects. The concept of Defect Rescaling is proposed in face of dealing with functional defects theoretically. Summing up the experience of local governance countermeasures facing COVID-19 during the epidemic period, the spatial governance means dealing with the defects are summarized, including: rapid shift and takeover of local administrative power, and adoption of bottom-up solutions and top-down unified standards simultaneously. Furthermore, this paper develops the theory of Defect Rescaling from three dimensions of space, governance, and economy, and concludes that the strategies to cope with Defect Rescaling include the construction of a governance power system in which peacetime and wartime are separated, the establishment of a sound urban planning resource reserve system, and the guidance of a multi-centered regional functional network. This paper provides a preliminary theoretical framework for the concept of Defect Rescaling.

KEYWORDS: Defect Rescaling; new regionalism; rescaling; governance; COVID-19

♦ URBAN PLANNING AS A MIDWAY OF URBAN COGNITION: DISCUSSION ON A COUPLING EVOLUTIONARY FRAMEWORK OF URBAN COGNITION

Author:WEI Guangjun; SUN Hui

ABSTRACT: Currently, urban cognition is mixed with various perspectives, and urban theories and urban planning theories are constantly being reshaped. Traditional urban cognition fails to fully capture the characteristics of such rapidly and compressively evolving cities in terms of concept, definition, principle, method, and cognitive structure, presenting such dilemmas as dislocation of old theories and new cities, grafting of new concepts and non-noumenon, and transcendence of unidimensionality and multidimensionality. Through literature research, this paper introduces the theory of evolution and explores a cognition action-speculation coevolution cognitive framework by "tracing theoretical origin", and then conducts a thematic interpretation of evolutionary dimensions and approaches from three cognitive bases: the evolution of a city, the evolution of urban planning, and the evolution of human cognition. It deduces a coupling evolutionary cognitive framework that urban planning is the midway of urban cognition and analyzes its implications for developing a localized urban-rural planning knowledge system in China.

KEYWORDS: cognition; evolution; city; framework

♦SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES IN THE BEIJINGTIANJIN-HEBEI REGION UNDER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF "RURAL CITY": A CASE STUDY OF NINGJIN COUNTY, HEBEI PROVINCE

Author:ZENG Peng；JIN Ziqi；HU Jinghui

ABSTRACT：The small and medium-sized cities that are mainly constituted by counties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are characterized by "intertwined city and village", and the typical lowrise courtyard buildings in the north of China occupy a large proportion of the urban area. The large quantity of courtyard buildings existing in the urban area can be attributed to continuity of historical attributes and inadequate market development. The process of building small and medium-sized cities is a process that the arable land of villages in urban and suburban areas is converted into urban construction land. In this process, the rural communities that gradually become non-agricultural will still exist for a long time. Under the background of territorial planning, it is necessary to objectively analyze the laws and characteristics of the development of small and medium-sized cities, and scientifically understand the development of rural communities that are gradually non-agricultural. This is of important practical significance for the healthy development and scientific transformation of small and medium-sized cities in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region, and of important scientific value for exploring the new urbanization of counties. In addition, it also has key research significance for inheriting regional identity and reshaping the style of "rural cities" that are built on rural arable land.

KEYWORDS："rural city"; intertwined city and village; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; small and medium-sized cities; spatial evolution; transformation

♦RENTAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ON COLLECTIVE LAND: WHY THE POLICY FAILS? CASES OF BEIJING, SHANGHAI, GUANGZHOU, AND SHENZHEN

Author:TIAN Li; WU Yaxin; YAN Yaqi

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the progress of the pilot project of rental housing development on collective land in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. It applies the four-dimensional analytical framework of "natural endowment, development path, planning control, and government-collectivesmarket relationship" to carry out the empirical studies. The reasons for the slow progress of using collective land to build rental housing in the above four cities are analyzed: the lack of motivation of local governments and market agents, as well as the lack of village collective economic strength. In order to promote the construction of rental housing on collective land, the improvement of supporting systems and policy support in planning, fiscal support, and finance are needed, which is important to promote the high-quality development of China's urban and rural areas.

KEYWORDS: collective land reform; rental housing; mega-city; housing affordability; land finance

♦ RESEARCH ON "MOUNTAIN-CITY" VIEW PLANNING CONTROL: TAKING GANZHOU AS AN EXAMPLE

Author:GENG Huizhi; ZHANG Shuhan; YANG Chunxia; ZHOU Hua; HAN Gaofeng

ABSTRACT: The "mountain-city" viewing is of great significance for demonstrating the charm and highlighting the characteristics of mountain cities. Taking Ganzhou as an example, this paper establishes a viewing system consisting of viewing points, viewing objects, and viewing corridors. The viewing system that "views the mountain from the city" includes the mountain view inside the city, the outer mountain view, and the partial mountain view. Taking that 30% of the height of the mountain below the ridge line can be seen as the standard, the system defines the foreground control area and background coordination area for the mountain view inside the city, the viewing corridor control area and the viewing corridor coordination area for the outer mountain view, and the most unfavorable viewing point control area for the partial mountain view. The viewing system that "views the city from the mountain" includes the urban area view and the landmark view. When viewing the urban area, the system determines the core view area with a 120° angle of view, and puts forward control requirements for the existing landscape in the near range, the "high-rise building wall" in the middle range, and the city skyline in the distant range respectively. When viewing the landmark, the system puts forward control requirements for the foreground control area and the background coordination area. The viewing system that "views a mountain from another mountain" is based on two-way cone-shaped viewing corridors with clear control requirements.

KEYWORDS: viewing; planning control; "mountain-city"; Ganzhou

♦ TEACHING AND THINKING OF URBAN DESIGN: INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR JIN GUANGJUN

Author:YANG Junyan; QIN Shiwen; ZHANG Fangyuan

AWARD LIST OF 2021 JIN JINGCHANG CHINA URBAN PLANNING EXCELLENT PAPERS