City Planning Review（2021.11）

♦ Embroidery

Author：SHI Nan

♦ STRATEGIES FOR URBAN SPACE GOVERNANCE IN CHINA'S NEW DEVELOPMENT STAGE: DISCUSSION ON THE REFORM OF URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN INDUSTRY

Author：ZHOU Lan; DING Zhigang

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the changes in demands of urban space in China's new development stage from the perspectives of economic development, green and low-carbon development, social demands, technological revolution, and urban governance, and puts forward strategies for national, regional, urban-rural, urban, and urban internal space reform from the aspects of promoting the balance of spatial supply and demand. On this basis, it proposes that in response to requirements of the times to adapt to the reform and development, the planning and design industry will experience a "differentiation-integration" process and form a multi-disciplinary interactive and collaborative urban governance group through the reform.

KEYWORDS: urban space governance; spatial demand; spatial supply; industry reform

♦ TRANSFORMATION EXPLORATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN GOVERNANCE: SUMMARY AND THINKING OF URBAN PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF CHONGQING

Author：WANG Wenjing; QIN Wei; MENG Yuanhua; ZHAI Bingying; YONG Juan

ABSTRACT: The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has established an urban physical examination system of "one-year examination and five-year assessment". Urban physical examination is an important manifestation of the modernization of the urban governance system and governance capabilities. In the pilot work in the central city of Chongqing, an urban physical examination working mechanism with public participation, sectoral collaboration, and smart analysis and monitoring has been established. It firstly strengthens public participation and sectoral collaboration, highlights problem-oriented and goal-oriented strategies, and builds a multi-type self-examination index system of "8 dimensions, 22 analysis perspectives, and 93 indicators". Secondly, it strengthens smart analysis and monitoring, builds single-index evaluation standards, graded evaluation model, and comprehensive diagnosis model, and establishes an urban physical examination information platform to realize dynamic monitoring, comprehensive evaluation and "urban disease" identification of urban planning and construction management in Chongqing. Thirdly, combining the sectoral work, it proposes suggestions for governance and establishes a sectoral coordination mechanism, so as to improve the urban governance level.

KEYWORDS: urban governance; urban physical examination; public participation; platform construction; sectoral collaboration

♦ RETURNING TO SPACE: CHINA'S COMMUNITY BUILDING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE RIGHT TO THE CITY

Author：CHEN Zhao; WANG Huan; QIAN Hui

ABSTRACT: Adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development （Habitat III） in 2016, the New Urban Agenda takes the "right to the city" as the vital vision for global urban development in the next 20 years, which is closely linked to the conception of residence and community. In the context of upsurging urban community development and community-building practice, this paper takes the right to the city as the basic theory and reviews the evolution of the right to the city in the process of China's community building, pointing out the dilemma in current community building practice: "lack of a sense of collectivity" and "lack of space". The paper argues that the essence of the right to the city is the equal occupation and domination of space, which is achieved mainly through the urban revolution of redistribution and re-institutionalization. On this basis, it maintains that it is essential for community building to return to space and seek a more peaceful path with a lower social cost and less social conflicts by taking "intervention in space" as the core idea, which is different from the current community building model with "intervention in the collective" as its core. In addition, it is necessary to reshape the China's community building framework through improving the grid system and power arrangements and focusing on community planning practices.

KEYWORDS: right to the city; community building; community planning

♦ REVISITING NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT AND RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY: A KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PERSPECTIVE

Author：LI Dongquan；ZHENG Guo；LUO Xiang

ABSTRACT: The formation and development of China's urban planning system is a knowledge transfer and creation process that learns from the West and combines with realistic scenarios, with neighborhood units and residential communities as typical representatives. Under the guidance of knowledge management theory, an analytical framework containing subject, content and contextual elements is constructed. The tacit values such as pursuing social justice, social cohesion, and pragmatism in "neighborhood unit" model coincided with the socialist values and guiding ideology of urban construction in the early period of the founding of New China, becoming the contextual factors for knowledge transfer to be realized. Chinese urban planning professionals with a Western educational background, as the main subjects of knowledge transfer, combined the realistic scenarios of urban construction methods and national development needs at that time and applied the main explicit knowledge to the practice of residential communities, making it the main element in the Chinese urban planning practice system. The re-understanding of tacit knowledge of the Western planning system and its integration with the Chinese context may shed new light on how to proceed in the new era.

KEYWORDS: neighborhood unit; residential community; knowledge transfer; tacit knowledge; context; situation

♦SPATIAL ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA URBAN AGGLOMERATION BASED ON INTERCITY TRIPS

Author：WANG Yao; NIU Xinyi; SONG Xiaodong

ABSTRACT: In this paper, the intercity trip linkages of residents are calculated by using the mobile phone signaling data, and the spatial organizational characteristics of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration are measured from the two dimensions of space of place and space of flow respectively. Through an analysis on the city hierarchy and hinterland, it is found that a central-place system still stably exists in this region, but it has begun to disintegrate gradually. The analysis on the urban network structure shows that an unbalanced network structure composed of "one core and multiple poles" has been formed in the region. The results show that the spatial organization of the Yangtze River Delta has the dual characteristics of "space of place" and "space of flow", and that the space of flow is affected by the space of place to a certain extent, which is basically consistent with the central flow theory. The metropolitan area will become the physical carrier for the space of place and the space of flow, which is key to the spatial organization of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. In view of the deficiencies in current planning, the paper puts forward some suggestions for improving related planning methods and contents.

KEYWORDS: Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration; space of place; space of flow; spatial organization; intercity trip

♦ SHARED NATURE-AGRICULTURE PARK BASED ON THE VIEW OF URBAN-RURAL SPACE INTEGRATION: A STUDY ON PLANNING METHODS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HIGH-VALUE SMALL LAND PLOTS FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOREST USE IN URBAN FRINGE AREA

Author：XING Zhong; TANG Xizi; GU Yuanyuan; HE Yiman; LEI Qiuyun

ABSTRACT: The spatial location and land-use nature of the ecotone give high sharing values to the agricultural and forest land in the urban fringe area. Through literature review and case study, this paper explores the planning path for the efficient protection of scattered small agricultural and forest land plots that are not included in the protection scope of basic farmland and forest land, but have diversified values. It is hoped to achieve the goals such as protecting the high-value agricultural and forest land, improving the regional ecological quality, and protecting the diversity of food and species by making use of the sharing value of the nature-agriculture park. The paper then explores related planning methods, including: establishing a technical framework composed of "land-use organization, functional guarantee, system and indicator control, and design guidance"; selecting the land for the park and establishing a self-sustaining network in line with the existing factors and regional ecological process; endowing the park with the function of industrial economy based on the environmental quality and urban-rural sharing value; connecting the natural green corridors in rural areas with the public green space in urban areas to highlight the compound service functions of sharing and reciprocity; carrying out a variety of governance and control measures to realize planning goals

KEYWORDS: urban fringe area; shared by the city and the countryside; nature-agriculture park; high-value agricultural and forest land; planning method

♦ RESEARCH ON THE BUILDING CONCEPT OF THE PALACE OF YECHENG CITY IN WEI STATE OF THE THREE KINGDOMS PERIOD

Author：QIU Haiwen

ABSTRACT: The Palace of Yecheng City in Wei State of the Three Kingdoms Period was built based on the prototype of the Prime Minister's Office in the Western Han Dynasty. The Wenchang Hall is equivalent to a conference hall in Prime Minister's Office in the Western Han Dynasty and the Tingzheng Hall is equivalent to the Tingzheng Pavilion of the Minister's Office. It is consistent with the status of CAO Cao as the Prime Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Palace of Yecheng City had been re-planned under the guidance of the concept of the Rites of Zhou after CAO Cao was promoted to Duke of Wei State. It was the first palace planned under the guidance of Rites of Zhou, so it had produced great influences on palace building of later generations.

KEYWORDS: the Palace of Yecheng City; Prime Minister's Office; Rites of Zhou; ZHENG Xuan

♦ OVERALL LAYOUT AND JOINT DEFENSE MECHANISM OF THE INNER AND OUTER THREE PASSES AROUND THE GREAT WALL OF THE MING DYNASTY

Author：ZHANG Yukun; LI Songyang; LI Yan

ABSTRACT: The inner three passes and outer three passes were distributed in groups along the Inner Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty and are important examples of large-span joint defense of Great Wall military settlements in the Ming Dynasty. Based on the analysis of the construction chronology of the inner three passes and the outer three passes, their military level and warfare, the spatial layout and functional attributes of these six passes in different geographical settings, this paper summarizes the overall military layout of the Great Wall system at large pass cities in the Ming Dynasty. It also shows the joint defense strategy of expanding the defense area, linking the two wings, unifying the deployment, collaborating the management, connecting the whole defense line, and forming a group. It is of great significance for the formation of a holistic concept of the inner and outer three passes, the Inner Great Wall and the Great Wall military system in the Ming Dynasty, and the formulation of a holistic conservation strategy.

KEYWORDS: the inner three passes; the outer three passes; the military system of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty; pass city; the inner Great Wall; the inner and outer three passes

♦INFORMAL URBAN FORM IN HISTORICAL PROSPECT AND ITS CONTEMPORARY ENLIGHTENMENT: BASED ON THE INTERPRETATION OF RIVERSIDE SCENE AT QINGMING FESTIVAL

Author：ZHANG Yang; HE Yi

ABSTRACT: Informal form is an important part of urban vitality, but it is easy to change or even disappear in the process of development due to the lack of fixed elements at the structural level. Compared with formal cities, there are few official and orthodox notes, so it is difficult to verify. Taking Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, the "boundary painting" reflecting the urban and rural landscape of Guanxiang area in Dongjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, as an example, this paper explores the informal urban forms and characteristics such as open space, flourishing grass market and social integration in the historical landscape, and traces the construction background and evolution mechanism of the informal environment reflected in the painting, finding out that the political pattern, the geographical environment, and the urban management have played a significant guiding role: first, by restricting the power, the interaction between the state and society is generated, and residents and the government carry out flexible control of the scope of business and housing in the policy game; second, relying on Zhuohang Canal to promote the symbiosis of water conservancy and water transport, the advantages complement of industrial structure in Bianhe area of Yincangcheng City are formed; third, city registered residence was opened to promote the land and population transfer. The rise of the citizen class is realized in the social environment of resource sharing and city building, and the sense of city belonging of floating population is also enhanced. Taking history as a mirror, this paper explores the positive role of boundary concealment and boundary integration in Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the construction of modern city vitality, and puts forward three modes of "gray", "mixed", and "fusion": "gray" creates a reasonable "overflow" environment for commercial activities with the red line of streets; "mixed" guides the mixed operation of diversified business forms with open management; and "fusion" promotes the environmental sharing between urban blocks and surrounding communities through interface penetration. The study of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from an informal perspective is not only a supplement to the informality of historical cities and Qingming Riverside study, but also a reflection on how to balance the relationship between vitality and order at the level of urban governance.

KEYWORDS: informal; urban form; historical prospect; urban vitality; Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

♦ A STUDY ON IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM OF URBAN AND RURAL LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN REGENERATION: THE CASE OF JAPAN

Author：ZHOU Guangkun; ZHUO Jian

ABSTRACT: Building a beautiful and featured urban and rural landscape is not only a main task in the construction of Beautiful China, but also an intrinsic demand of Chinese cities to implement urban regeneration. It has become a focus of research to effectively carry out urban and rural landscape planning and governance. By reviewing the landscape planning and governance in Japan in terms of development process, construction logic, operation mechanism, and implementation effects, this paper analyzes the operation logic and mechanism of urban and rural landscape planning and governance in the context of urban regeneration. In line with the current situation in China, the paper puts forward some specific suggestions: （1） identifying public property rights for urban and rural landscape; （2） establishing planning and management mechanism for urban and rural landscape; （3） clarifying the content and elements of landscape planning; （4） promoting the innovation of community landscape. It hopes to provide valuable reference for the current urban and rural landscape planning and governance work in China.

KEYWORDS: urban regeneration; urban and rural landscape; planning and governance; implementation mechanism; Japan

♦ EARLY MEMORIES OF MODERN URBAN DESIGN IN CHINA: INTERVIEW WITH ACADEMICIAN DUAN JIN

Author：YANG Junyan；ZHANG Fangyuan; QIN Shiwe