City Planning Review（2022.3）

♦ SPACE GENE: CONNOTATION AND FUNCTIONAL MECHANISM

Author: DUAN Jin; JIANG Ying; LI Yige; LAN Wenlong

ABSTRACT: Space gene, which carries spatial information of the interactive evolution pattern of urban space, natural environment, and social culture, plays a significant role in the inheritance of urban spatial context. However, the inheritance of urban spatial context has been always carried out by protecting heritage sites, copying symbols, or imitating the form of the built environment, yet little attention was paid to space gene, resulting in the loss of city spirit even if the heritage site is preserved. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the connotation and functional mechanism of space genes and to apply the space gene theory into urban studies. First, the development laws of urban form (character) could be explained by space gene. Space gene is generated as a local spatial model through mutation and selection, then the urban spatial context is inherited through its coding, copying, and expressing, to achieve the inheritance of urban spatial context. Second, the research of space gene could change the direction of urban historical context protection and planning and design method from perceptual space form creation to rational space gene analysis. It is an important basis for correcting the wrong cognition of urban spatial development and improving planning and design strategies and methods.

KEYWORDS: space gene; urban form; complex system; self-organization; urban spatial context

♦ COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF THE URBAN RENEWAL PLANNING

Author: DU Yan; HU Shuangmei; WANG Chonglie; LI Kai; LIN Chenfang; CHEN Wei; YANG Xiao; BIAN Lanchun

♦ URBAN RENEWAL STRATEGY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

Author: LI Jinsheng; SHI Xiaodong; YANG Jianqiang; ZHANG Guowei; DENG Kanqiang; TANG Yan; WANG Chonglie; YU Yang

♦ SCIENTIFIC PLANNING TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE

Author: ZHAI Guofang; HUANG Hong; LENG Hong; LUO Xiang; MA Donghui; WEI Jie; XIE Yingxia; XIU Chunliang; ZHOU Suhong

♦ DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIC AFFECT URBANIZATION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERN?

Author: CAO Kunzi; DING Chengri

ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to answer whether the current COVID-19 pandemic would alter the urbanization and urban development patterns in the post-pandemic period by examining the relationship between urbanization/city size and the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzing the socioeconomic impacts of the home-based isolation mode. It is found that, on the one hand, both urbanization and city size can facilitate the spread of pandemic and increase the risk of infection; on the other hand, in cities with a higher urbanization level and a larger size, urban residents will have more chance to be cured than rural residents due to the more complete urban infrastructure and medical services. The home-based living style can bring about many problems, including marital crisis and psychological and mental problems, which can affect the mental health and learning state of young people. The negative impacts of online teaching indicate that the value of home-based living (including working, studying, and entertaining) is limited, and that face-to-face communication is irreplaceable. Information and communication technologies have strengthened the connection between people. The development of knowledge- and technology-based economy has made face-to-face contact and the spread of ideas in cities more important. In the end, the paper concludes that the lifestyle of urban residents will not undergo fundamental changes after the pandemic, and urbanization and urban development will return to the growth trajectory and mode before the pandemic.

KEYWORDS: COVID-19 pandemic; information technology; home-based living; urban development pattern

♦ RURAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE IN RURAL AREAS: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION, EMPIRICAL STUDY, AND APPLICATION PROSPECT

Author: YU Tingting; JIANG Cunyan; LENG Hong; YUAN Qing

ABSTRACT: In view of the rural human-nature contradiction in the process of long-term agricultural production and rapid urbanization, rural vulnerability assessment can directly reflect the potential risk of national territory in rural area, objectively describe the damaged state of territorial and spatial base and function, and provide the basis for guiding the territorial governance and improving the rural spatial planning and management. Based on the existing human-nature coupling system vulnerability assessment methods, this paper establishes the evaluation model from the dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, develops the method and procedures on the application of rural landscape vulnerability assessment in territorial planning. In addition, it conducts a rural vulnerability assessment by taking 117 county units of Heilongjiang Province as examples for an empirical study, obtaining rural vulnerability classification, vulnerability types, principle factors and risk sources, and presenting the spatial differentiation pattern based on GIS intuitively, which help to formulate rural spatial governance tasks and development goals. In addition, rural vulnerability assessment can be integrated into the territorial planning evaluation system at county and township levels, with the hope to guide the compilation of territorial planning planning in rural areas in Heilongjiang.

KEYWORDS: vulnerability assessment; territorial governance; rural area; territorial planning evaluation system; human-nature coupling

♦RESEARCH ON LAND AND SEA COUPLING COORDINATION DEGREE MEASUREMENT IN COASTAL ZONE AND ITS OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY: TAKING THE COASTAL ZONE OF XIAMEN AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: LIN Xiaoru；L Yiping；HONG Shijian；WANG Anlin

ABSTRACT：Under the planning background of land and sea coordination, considering the insufficiency of research on the interaction between coastal land use intensity and marine ecosystem safety, this paper learns from the theory of coupling degree in physics and establishes the comprehensive system to evaluate the coupling degree between the intensity of space utilization and the ecosystem safety. Taking the coastal zone of Xiamen as an example, it quantitatively analyzes the coupling coordination of each shore sections of Xiamen coastline, identifies the distribution pattern of different coordination degrees of the city’s coastal zone, and puts forward spatial planning guidelines under the different land and sea coordination targets. The research intends to provide a scientific basis for planning and decision-making in coastal zones and the coordination between the marine ecosystem and terrestrial space, which has a great significance to the healthy and coordinated development of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and the improvement of comprehensive benefits of coastal space.

KEYWORDS: coastal zone; coupling coordination; ecological security; land and sea coordination; Xiamen

♦ FRACTAL STUDY ON THE MULTI-CENTER URBAN STRUCTURE WITH LAND AND TRAFFIC INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF KAIFENG CITY

Author: ZHANG Chenming; LI Lingjun; GAO Shang; GAO Jianhua

ABSTRACT: Research on urban spatial structure plays an important role in understanding the conditions and correlation of main component urban elements, the way they operate, and the spatiotemporal evolution process, which is crucial for predicting urban expansion tendency. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between urban spatial form and its evolution trajectory based on urban studies from a top-down multi-center network perspective and a bottom-up self-organized fractal perspective. Taking Kaifeng City, a historic city with a mixed structure of new and old urban areas, as an example, the paper examines the multi-center and multi-layer distribution model and its development laws using methods of space syntax and improved fractal measurement. The results show that Kaifeng’s integration core has evolved from one to three; there exist circle layers with different fractal characteristics around the three cores; and the growth or decline of each layer results in a belt area with a hinged structure. The conclusions are as follows: space syntax is an objective method to identify different urban cores; there exists the integration core with media attributes, which is a component of the multi-center urban structure; and self-organized layers around urban integration cores can be divided more precisely based on the non-scale interval calculated by the fractal measurement improved according to accessibility. In addition, the layers can be presented by irregular rings with same accessibility instead of concentric circles.

KEYWORDS: fractal city; space syntax; land and traffic integration; multi-center urban structure; old and new urban area coordination; Kaifeng City

♦ DISCUSSION ON RELATED ISSUES IN THE EVOLUTION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DISCIPLINE IN CHINA

Author: LI Weimin; ZHANG Tongsheng

ABSTRACT: This paper systematically summarizes the 100-year disciplinary development of landscape architecture in China since the 1920s, and analyzes the problems such as lack of theoretical systems of landscape architecture discipline, differentiated teacher resource, research capacity, and curriculum setting in different universities, and unclear research domain. On this basis, the paper puts forward related suggestions for strengthening the theoretical research of the first-level discipline of landscape architecture, providing support to the national strategy, and promoting the comprehensive and healthy development of the discipline in the new era.

KEYWORDS: Landscape Architecture; Garden Making; knowledge system; disciplinary development

♦ URBAN VILLAGE PLANNING ORIENTED BY URBAN SCENIC AREA DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL VILLAGES IN GUANGXI, YUNNAN, AND GUIZHOU

Author: ZENG Peng; WEI Xu; CAO Dongqin

ABSTRACT: Based on regional planning theory, this paper puts forward the concept of urban scenic area-oriented urban village, and establishes a hypothetical model for the relationship between urban scenic area-oriented development, scenic area-urban village interconnection, urban landscape, environment for sustainable development, and urban village evolution. Through investigation, interview, questionnaire survey, data collection, and case study in combination with structural equation model, the paper tests the hypothesis and puts forward the urban scenic area-oriented urban village planning strategy, so as to provide reference for the high-quality development of tourist cities in southwestern ethnic areas. The research shows that the urban scenic area-oriented development has a direct positive effect on the scenic area-urban village interconnection, the environment for sustainable development, and the evolution of urban villages; while the scenic area-urban village interconnection and the environment for sustainable development have a direct positive effect on urban landscape and an indirect effect on the evolution of urban villages through urban landscape. The major influencing factors of the urban scenic area-oriented development include the main body and mode of implementation, economic environment, landscape construction, and difference between scenic areas. It is suggested to attach importance to the main body and mode of implementation in the renovation of urban villages in tourist cities through urban scenic area-oriented development.

KEYWORDS: urban scenic area-oriented development; urban village; structural equation; case study; tourist city

♦ BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE RESEARCH PROGRESS OF RESOURCE-BASED CITY TRANSFORMATION IN CHINA

Author: ZHANG Jifei; JIANG Yinggang; SUN Wei; CHANG Fei

ABSTRACT: The transformation of resource-based cities has been a concern in many disciplines in the world. However, overall summary and structured review from a systematic perspective are lacked in the studies in China. Employing CiteSpace and Ucinet software, and using knowledge mapping in the bibliometric research as well as social network analysis, this paper reviews the domestic literature on the transformation of resource-based cities from three perspectives: the annual change of the literature amount and the range of related academic journals, the cooperation network of authors and institutions, and the main research contents. The results are summarized accordingly as follows. (1) The domestic research on the transformation of resource-based cities has three stages, i.e., slow start, rapid development, and steady adjustment. The broad range of academic journals reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the research topic. (2) The network of cooperation between authors as well as that between institutions have begun to take shape, but the academic cooperation between author groups as well as that between institution groups have not yet become apparent. The research perspective has shifted from the single dimension of focusing on the economic transformation of mining cities in the early stage to the multiple dimensions of emphasizing low-carbon development, transformation of resource-exhausted cities, and new urbanization strategies. (3) The main research content includes five aspects: identifying resource-based cities, optimizing industrial structures, formulating transformation strategies, determining ecological transformation paths, and generalizing transformation models. With regards to the research focus of resource-based city transformation in the future, the paper puts forward considerations and enlightenments from four aspects: attaching importance to theoretical exploration and innovation, carrying out integrative studies on the natural-economic-social complex system, improving space governance and urban and rural planning, as well as strengthening institutional construction and innovation.

KEYWORDS: resource-based city; mining city; transformation; domestic research; bibliometrics; knowledge mapping; CiteSpace; Ucinet

♦ REVIEW OF PROGRESS AND QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT METHODS OF RESEARCH ON STREET SPACE

Author: GAO Wei；JIA Menghan；ZHAO Mei；GAO Yong；MENG Haohan

ABSTRACT: As a main component of urban public space, street is an important place for people to perceive urban form and a main part of urban planning control. Research on street space has undergone an evolutionary process from a macro urban perspective to a microcosmic humanistic perspective and from qualitative description to quantitative measurement. From the four stages, this paper summarizes the progress and quantitative measurement methods of research on street space, and points out that the high-precision and automated research on street space under both street particle size and urban and regional scales could be realized by applying the emerging data and quantitative methods. It is helpful to accurately evaluate the current situation and evolution of street space form and achieve overall management and control of street space in a systematic and scientific way.

KEYWORDS: street space; research progress; quantitative measurement; evaluation; control

♦ SEMANTICS OF AUTHENTICITY AND CULTURAL ECOLOGY MODEL OF HERITAGE

Author: WEN Yifeng

ABSTRACT: Authenticity is a key issue of heritage conservation. Based on a summary of domestic and international research on heritage authenticity, this paper explores the semantic structure of authenticity and puts forward a cultural ecology model of heritage and a paradigm for comprehensively understanding the value of heritage authenticity. This is conducive to re-examining problems in heritage conservation, developing a value-based heritage conservation strategy, and ultimately forming a virtuous cultural ecology of heritage conservation. Emic culture authenticity of heritage is the core factor of heritage culture ecology and a key for heritage conservation. It is the species gene of cultural heritage and occupies a core niche in a certain cultural ecology system. As emic culture authenticity determines the peculiarity of cultural heritage, it has a fundamental value for heritage conservation and maintaining human’s cultural diversity. Therefore, protection of emic culture authenticity should be given priority in heritage conservation.