City Planning Review（2022.4）

♦ RESEARCH ON PLANNING PATH OF INNOVATION DISTRICTS BASED ON INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM THEORY: A CASE STUDY OF HANGZHOU FUTURE SCI-TECH CITY

Author:NA Muhan; BIAN Bowen 

ABSTRACT: As the spatial carriers of innovation strategy, innovation districts shoulder an essential task in the new period. This paper introduces the innovation ecosystem theory, and reviews its origin, definition, and application scope, and then clarifies the framework and summarizes the evolution logic. In view of the theory, this paper redefines the types and spatial characteristics of innovation districts, so as to provide supports for the planning of innovation districts. Taking Hangzhou Future Sci-Tech City as an example, based on the framework of innovation ecosystem, this paper identifies the core elements such as enterprises, platforms, facilities and space, policy and culture to evaluate the current situation and summarize the problems. Based on the three spatial characteristics of the innovation districts, i.e., detailed spatial governance, compound element allocation, and people-oriented value, this paper deduces three optimizing countermeasures accordingly, with the hope to explore a scientific planning path for innovation districts. 

KEYWORDS: innovation ecosystem; framework; evolution logic; innovation district; spatial feature; planning path; Hangzhou Future Sci-Tech City

♦ RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CROSS-BORDER DISTRICTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL FUNCTION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN QIANHAI AND HENGQIN COOPERATION ZONES 

Author:CHEN Hongsheng; LI Zhigang; XIAO Yang; CUI Jingzhuang; HUANG Yihui

ABSTRACT: From the Pearl River Delta era to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area era, dramatic regional changes have always been initiated by institutional innovations in border areas, and the innovative development of border areas has induced a comprehensive regional integration. This research puts forward the concept of “crossborder policy space”, and establishes an analytical framework for the planning and development of new regional cross-border districts to analyze the Qianhai and the Hengqin cooperation zones, in order to reveal the role of new cross-border districts in promoting regional integration. This paper argues that the “implantation” of special policy space in the region will trigger overall changes and help resolve cross-border cooperation conflicts. In the case of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Qianhai Cooperation Zone is built on the basis of long-term regional accumulation, which has affected the planning of the Northern Metropolis of Hong Kong, making Hong Kong adopt more active regionalism and actively respond to regional functions. The new regional development strategy will also help solve Hong Kong’s inherent socio-economic structural problems, which is a chain reaction to the “global-local” governance crisis triggered by new cross-border districts. In the planning and construction of the Hengqin Cooperation Zone, the government intervention is the core driving force for its development, transforming local space into national space, enabling rapid accumulation of capital, industry and talent, and gradually changing the regional political and economic role of Macao. In the future, with the planning and construction of new cross-border districts as a new starting point, the GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will accelerate the formation of a new consensus on the integrated development and form a greater joint development force. 

KEYWORDS: cross-border cooperation zone; regional function; Qianhai; Hengqin; Northern Metropolis of Hong Kong; regional integration

♦ INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH ON THE OPEN SPACE RATIO OF RESIDENTIAL PLOTS IN TYPICAL CITIES OF CHINA 

Author:YI Xin; HUANG Minghua; ZHAO Bin; ZHAO Bingjing

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the open space ratio has received more and more attention in China because it can effectively balance the fairness and efficiency in urban development and construction. However, most of the existing research focuses on conceptual analysis, and no research and application ideas are based on China’s actual situation. Accordingly, this paper first investigates the open space ratio of 8,572 residential plots in 15 typical cities of China, and summarizes its distribution characteristics, as well as average and extreme values. On this basis, it further examines the relationship between the open space ratios and floor area ratio of residential plots in typical cities of China, and sums up the “common” characteristics and “individualities” of different cities. In addition, it is proposed that on the basis of safeguarding the bottom line of public interests, the open space ratio-centered development control rules should be developed according to local conditions, so as to improve the dynamic, accurate and scientific nature of urban development control, and achieve a balance between fairness and efficiency in urban development and construction. 

KEYWORDS: open space ratio; typical cities; residential plots; floor area ratio; investigation and research

♦ MORPHOGENESIS AND INHERITANCE OF URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL GENE: A CASE STUDY OF CHENGDU 

Author:LI Xu; CHEN Daijun; LUO Dan 

ABSTRACT: Like biological heredity, urban morphology keeps its original characteristics in the evolution process. Urban morphological genes are defined as spatial structural rules that control the characteristics of urban morphology and key factors influencing their generation. Taking Chengdu as an example, this paper establishes an analytical framework of multi-scale space and multi-dimension influencing factors to identify three kinds of space genes. Then the paper analyzes their spatial structural rules, the underlying factors, and morphogenesis mechanism, as well as the expression and inheritance of space genes. It argues that the vitality of space genes in Chengdu is derived both from local ancestors’ wisdom of adapting to and making the best use of the circumstance and from a well-ordered spatial pattern under the urban construction system. Accordingly, urban planning should explore their morphogenesis and value, protect these genes, and inherit and carry forward local traditional wisdom. In this way, the unique “genes” of urban morphology could be “retained” through inheritance and development. 

KEYWORDS: urban morphology; spatial morphological gene; morphogenesis; inheritance; Chengdu

♦ AN EXPLORATION ON SPATIAL PLANNING STANDARDS IN THE NEW ERA: FORMULATION OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA (FOR TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION) 

Author:SHI Nan; QU Changhong; CHEN Yan; SONG Xinyu

♦PLANNING PRINCIPLES FOR HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORATION ON TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA (FOR TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION) 

Author:DUAN Jin; SHAO Runqing; LAN Wenlong; JIANG Ying

ABSTRACT: In order to meet the requirements of the Central Government for Xiong’an Quality and the actual needs of planning and management, the Management Committee of Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province and the Urban Planning Society of China jointly organized the compilation of the Technical Guidelines for the Planning of Xiong’an New Area (for Trial Implementation) in 2018, which has played an important role in the planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area for more than two years. This paper analyzes difficulties in implementing the requirements of Xiong’an Quality and the general ideas and countermeasures in the Guidelines, and elaborates the innovative strategies, including the comprehensive framework, technological coordination, management mode, space configuration, and control content. 

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; planning standards; land use classification; public facility allocation; urban design; Xiong’an New Area

♦EXPLORATION OF LOCAL LAND USE CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS UNDER THE NEW CIRCUMSTANCE OF SPATIAL PLANNING: REFLECTIONS FROM “SHENZHEN URBAN PLANNING STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES” TO “TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA (FOR TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION)”

Author:SIMA Xiao; WU Xiaoli; LI Qijun; GUO Leixian; HAO Yatan

ABSTRACT: Under the background of the reform of territorial planning and high-quality urban construction, the practice of local planning technical standards is currently facing the requirement of improvement and upgrading. This article focuses on the “land use classification”, which constitutes the basic part of planning technical standards, and summarizes the revision and improvement of land classification and land use standard in “Shenzhen Urban Planning Standards and Guidelines” that dynamically supported the urban spatial development of Shenzhen. Based on the practical reference to Shenzhen, this article conducts a comprehensive review of the land use section of “Technical Guidelines for the Planning of Xiong’an New Area (For Trial Implementation)” (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines), which addresses the systematic requirements of overall coverage, multi-plan integration, detailed control, and quality assurance under the overall guidance of “high-level planning and high-standard construction”. Combined with the recent planning and construction progress of Xiong’an New Area, it also makes a preliminary assessment on the application status and adjustment direction of the planning outcome. Finally, it discusses the issues of periodicality, locality, and dynamicity that need to be emphasized in the preparation of local planning technical standards under the new situation of spatial planning. KEYWORDS: planning technical standards; land use; land classification; territorial planning; Xiong’an New Area

♦ RESEARCH ON PLANNING GUIDANCE AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF “INNOVATIVE INDUSTRY SPACE” IN THE NEW AREA: WITH XIONG’AN NEW AREA AS AN EXAMPLE 

Author:ZHAO Min; CHENG Yao 

ABSTRACT：In response to the Outline of Xiong’an New Area Planning, the Technical Guidelines for the Planning of Xiong’an New Area (For Trial Implementation) sets up a separate “Innovative Industry Space” chapter to provide support for the development of innovative industries in the new area from the perspective of planning guidance and management. In the “Guidelines”, it explores the development logic of innovative industries, summarizes the development laws of the science and innovative industry parks, and aims to shape the proper environment for innovative industries and innovators and to establish innovative industrial ecological network including the innovation core, producer services, life services, and innovative atmosphere. In term of the spatial strategies, it focuses on introducing more flexible land use control rules to achieve high-quality environment balancing occupation and residence, meeting the needs of different industries and different groups of people, and providing diversified employment opportunities and service facilities. 

KEYWORDS：innovative industries; industrial development logic; industrial ecological network; guidance and control

♦PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENT: AN EXPLORATION ON THE CHAPTER OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES IN THE TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA (FOR TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION)

Author:YUN Shuang; GAO Shan; BAO Qian

ABSTRACT: In the Outline of Xiong’an New Area Planning approved by the Central Government, it is proposed to take people’s needs as the starting point, and focus on ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, introducing the high quality educational, medical and health care, cultural and sports resources of Beijing and Tianjin to this area, building high quality public service facilities, and improving the level of public services. In line with this requirement, the chapter of Public Service Facilities is formulated in the Technical Guidelines for the Planning of Xiong’an New Area (For Trail Implementation). With high quality development of public service facilities as the objective, this chapter proposes combining the new city construction paradigm with the new people-oriented urban governance mode, and puts forward related conception and guidance for the planning system, standard setting, and construction mode of public service facilities in Xiong’an New Area, with the aim to give full play to the effectiveness of public service facilities. 

KEYWORDS: development philosophy; facilities system; scope of application; standard setting; construction mode; Xiong’an New Area

♦GREEN AND LOW-CARBON, SAFE AND EFFICIENT, FULL LIFE-CYCLE DIFFERENTIATED GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION, AND MANAGEMENT: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE MUNICIPAL CHAPTER OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PLANNING OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA (FOR TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION) 

Author:MENG Dejuan; ZHANG Wenyong; WEI Baoyi; PAN Yiling

ABSTRACT: The municipal chapter of Technical Guidelines for the Planning of Xiong’an New Area (referred to as Guidelines) introduces a municipal public engineering system, which includes water engineering, energy supply engineering, environmental sanitation engineering, and information engineering. Both rigid standards and flexible guiding requirements are provided in the Guidelines. This paper introduces the main content of the municipal chapter, putting highlights on the characteristics and innovations from five aspects, which are the full-cycle and multi-level control and management guidance, the creation of Xiong’an Model according to local conditions, the whole area high-standard and differentiated guidance, the combination of rigid and flexible requirements to reserve development space, and the integration of facilities through co-construction and sharing of space. The municipal chapter of the Guidelines practices the development principles of Xiong’an New Area, that is, being innovative, coordinated, green, open, and sharing. It also coordinates the requirements for all levels of spatial plannings and various special plannings, giving consideration to the short- and long-term development demands, and different requirements for planning, construction, and management of the full life-cycle, which lays down a solid foundation for “Xiong’an Quality”. 

KEYWORDS: Xiong’an New Area; municipal public engineering system; technical guidelines

♦RESEARCH ON PREFECTURE-LEVEL TERRITORIAL PLANNING COMPILATION SYSTEM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GOVERNANCE: A CASE STUDY OF XIONG’AN NEW AREA 

Author:LUO Cong; YANG Qiuhui; GU Zhuyi; FANG Lan 

ABSTRACT：The formulation of local spatial planning system is not only a way of spatial governance, but also a manifestation of urban governance capabilities. From the perspective of modern urban governance and taking Xiong’an New Area as an example, the study explores the prefecture-level territorial planning compilation system under the guidance of value orientation, and proposes a spatial network structure composed of overall governance units and multi-level, networked transmission structures. A two-level structure from strategy to control and a multi-depth planning compilation system is presented, and a detailed compilation method of space governance units is proposed from the aspects of delimitation basis, unit type, scale, space management and control, etc. As for planning implementation, it suggests full-cycle and phased dynamic maintenance and flexible management adaptation. It hopes to provide a reference for the modern urban governance in Xiong’an New Area and the development of prefecture-level territorial planning at the local level. KEYWORDS：Xiong’an New Area; modern governance; territorial planning system; unit management

♦ CONSTRUCTION OF AN URBAN DESIGN REVIEW SYSTEM FOR HIGH QUALITY SPACE IN CHINA: ANALYSIS AND REFERENCE OF WALES EXPERIENCE IN THE UK 

Author:WANG Jianqiang; WEI Tingna; DENG Zhaohua; YU Li; ZHENG Shanwen  

ABSTRACT: In the new era, the construction of high quality space has become the core task of China’s urban construction. Urban design is becoming increasingly important, and relevant systems need to be developed urgently. However, there are many problems in the current urban design review in China, such as mismatch of experts, lack of review guidelines, hasty review and so on, which affect the improvement of design quality and urban space quality. Wales has the most successful urban design review system to improve urban space quality in the UK, with low cost, high efficiency, and sound procedures. Through the research on the evolution, composition, and operation of the urban design review system of Wales in the UK, this paper analyzes its successful experience in promoting the improvement of design quality and urban space quality. And in view of the current situation and problems of urban design review in China, from the aspects of role orientation, service items, organization establishment, review procedures, review guidelines, etc., this paper explores the construction of China’s localized urban design review system, responding to the urgent need for quality space in a new era. 

KEYWORDS: urban design; design review; review system; expert review; space quality; Wales; the United Kingdom

♦RESEARCH ON THE REGENERATION STRUCTURE OF INVENTORY HOUSING IN CENTRAL URBAN AREA OF SHANGHAI UNDER THE PRINCIPLE OF BOTTOM LINE 

Author:LIU Di; TANG Jingxian; LI Bohan; ZHAO Xianfeng 

ABSTRACT: Following the Outline of the 14th National Five-Year Plan, Shanghai takes the regeneration and refurbishing of inventory housing as an important task. However, due to the lack of building census system, basic quantity and spatial distribution analysis is absent for the reasonable arrangement of inventory housing regeneration. Drawing on the experience of Hong Kong’s Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme, three factors are identified as the basic criteria under the principle of bottom line for inventory housing regeneration, namely the structural safety, the external wall safety, and the necessary facilities safety, for the measurement and analysis of inventory housing. National and industry standards are collected as supplementary to determine the threshold serving time of a housing to be regenerated. Using multi-source big data of old housing located in central urban area of Shanghai, the basic quantity and spatial atlas are generated, as well as the classification of sub-districts. At the current stage, more policy attention is necessary for the regeneration of inventory housing near the age limit. Institutional innovation like governance, finance, organization and regulation are needed to accelerate the regeneration process under the principle of bottom line. 

KEYWORDS: urban regeneration; the principle of bottom line; old housing renovation; community regeneration; Shanghai