City Planning Review（2022.5）

♦ REFLECTIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING SYSTEM DURING THE 14TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN PERIOD IN WUHAN 

Author：CHEN Wei; L Weijuan; SHI Yi; YU Jianhua; ZHENG Yue 

ABSTRACT: In the 14th Five-Year Plan period, territorial planning has become an important policy instrument to support economic transformation. Thus, it becomes a major task of local governments to improve governance capacity of urban space and establish a territorial planning system compatible with local socio-economic development. This paper first systematically summarizes the strengths and achievements of the planning system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period in Wuhan. Then, in line with the requirements of national spatial planning system reform and the situations which Wuhan is faced with during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the paper proposes a conceptive framework for the territorial planning system construction in Wuhan from four perspectives, including spatial development strategies, connection between old and new systems, planning implementation, as well as the policy and technological support system. 

KEYWORDS: territorial planning system; the 14th Five-Year Plan; Wuhan

♦ EXPLORATION ON THE CONCEPT OF “URBAN BUILT-UP AREA” AND METHOD FOR “URBAN BUILT-UP AREA DELINEATION”: TAKING 115 CITIES AS THE PRACTICE OBJECT

Author：Compilation Team of the Code of Practice for Standard Urban Built-Up Area Delineation

ABSTRACT: “Urban built-up area” is an important geospatial basis for establishing the territorial planning system, urban-rural division and statistics, and formulation of urbanization policies in China. Based on both theoretical research and practice, this paper analyzes current problems concerning urban built-up area in China and summarizes its relevant concepts and delineation methods. The paper puts forward the concept that the physical urban builtup area is the urban built-up area based on the international experience, as well as the method for “urban built-up area delineation”. Taking 115 cities as examples, it confirms the scientificity, rationality, and operability of the method. After repeated practices and optimizations, a technical framework for “urban built-up area delineation” is finally formed, which is applicable to all cities in China.

KEYWORDS: urban built-up area; physical urban built-up area; urban-rural division; territorial planning

♦ RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE MECHANISM AND SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOCK VITALITY IN BEIJING: BASED ON MULTI-SCALE GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION 

Author：FAN Lai; ZHANG Dayu

ABSTRACT: Taking blocks within the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatial similarity and dependence of block vitality and its influencing factors through correlation analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis, and further examines the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of block vitality using a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model. Compared with the traditional multiple linear regression model and geographically weighted regression model, multi-scale geographically weighted regression can not only effectively analyze the spatial heterogeneity of block vitality, but also automatically adjust the regression bandwidth of different influencing factors, so as to reflect the real spatial changes of factors influencing block vitality. The results show that the overall block vitality in Beijing shows an obvious “Matthew effect”, and the influence of various factors on vitality shows an obvious differential distribution pattern in different blocks. 

KEYWORDS: vitality; influence mechanism; spatial heterogeneity; multi-scale geographically weighted regression

♦INTEGRATION OF XINJIANG PRODUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION CORPS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: EXPLORATION ON COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF URUMQI METROPOLITAN AREA

Author：LUO Jie; LUO Xiaolong; GU Zongni; TANG Mi

ABSTRACT：Compared with the general metropolitan area, Urumqi Metropolitan Area involves two management systems: one is Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), and the other is the local government. The co-construction, co-governance, and resource sharing institution of XPCC and local government makes the coordinated development of Urumqi Metropolitan Area quite special. Through government interviews and field research, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the coordinated development of Urumqi Metropolitan Area and the reasons behind them. The results show that there are many inconsistencies in the metropolitan area in terms of infrastructure construction, industrial cooperation, and metropolitan development space, which is caused by the incomplete mechanism for coordinated development mechanism due to the special administrative system. In order to better realize the coordinated development of Urumqi Metropolitan Area, this paper proposes to develop a coordinated development system of the metropolitan area under the integration of XPCC and local government, based on an institutionalized consultation mechanism of the metropolitan area, a functionoriented planning system, and the promotion of the system innovation of XPCC. At the same time, it also provides management and institutional reference for the areas where the XPCC and local government coexist, and make up for the inadequacy of the research on the coordination between XPCC and local government in metropolitan area. 

KEYWORDS: integration of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and local government; coordinated development of metropolitan areas; administrative system and mechanism; Urumqi Metropolitan Area

♦ URBAN SPATIAL EXPANSION MODEL BASED ON ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF XIAMEN CITY

Author：LUO Tao; LIN Yuchen; FAN Haiqiang

ABSTRACT：Under the background of territorial planning system reform, how to achieve the balance between urban development and ecological protection is the core issue of planning transformation in the new era. From the perspective of ecological priority and bottom-line thinking, exploring and evaluating the path of urban spatial expansion are the prerequisites to realize the coordinated development of city and ecosystem. This paper takes Xiamen, a city with a high level of urban development, as the research object, and proposes a constrained progressive scenario optimization model based on the urban spatial expansion model. And it evaluates and verifies the optimization results with ecological benefits as the evaluation standard. Through the comprehensive index evaluation of different scenarios before and after the optimization and the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics, the potential planning principles are deduced. On this basis, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the transformation and development of Xiamen, which can provide strong support for the formulation of policies and the optimization of urban development models in the future. 

KEYWORDS：scenario simulation; Minimum cumulative resistance model; ecosystem service; urban development boundary

♦ RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODE AND MECHANISM OF TIBETAN GARDEN AND SETTLEMENT

Author：XIN Xin; LU Hong

ABSTRACT: Tibetan gardens are endowed with the characteristics of both nature and culture. By defining and classifying the characteristics of Tibetan gardens, this paper tries to establish the relationship between the spatial structure of “borderline - domain” and the spatial form of “garden landscape - human settlement” under the hierarchical system to illustrate the role of the social thought of “education and uniformity” played in the interaction and coupling of landscape ethics and settlement space. Based on the analysis of typical cases, this paper aims to understand the landscape ethical order of Tibetan gardens, and the spatial organization pattern of agglomeration and openness, concentration and dispersion, group and bond formed by the combination of Tibetan gardens and settlements. From this, this paper reveals the ecological and cultural mechanisms that determine the relationship between gardens and settlements. Through understanding the settlement landscape environment, spatial hierarchy and order construction methods, this paper provides a reference for the protection and development of traditional settlements in Tibet and other areas. 

KEYWORDS: Tibetan garden; Tibetan traditional settlement; spatial organization model; mechanism

♦ PROGRESSIVE OPTIMIZATION OF URBAN DESIGN BASED ON THE DIGITAL MAP OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT: PROCESS EXPLORATION 

Author：YANG Junyan; SHAO Dian; FU Xiuzhang; MIN Hequn

ABSTRACT: As the quality of urban environment has become increasingly worse under the influence of high-intensity construction and urban activities, it has become an important theme of urban, architectural, and landscape design to build a livable physical environment. Accordingly, the study of urban physical environment is a key point to improve the quality of urban space. However, from the current practice of urban planning and design, there are few comprehensive studies and interactive feedback optimization of planning and design in research on the physical environment. Based on the study of the coupling between physical environment and urban form, this paper expounds the theoretical concept and construction method of the digital map of urban physical environment and develops an urban environment assessment model through urban physical environment simulation and analysis software, such as scSTREAM, Cadna/A and ENVImet. It has carried out multiple rounds of physical environment simulation and interactive feedback from the three dimensions of wind, sound, and heat, to realize step-by-step improvement from a plot to a block, and then to a building group. Through an empirical study on Changzhou Railway Station area, the paper explores the application of the digital map of urban physical environment in urban design, and approves that the physical environment assessment model can improve the spatial comfort of urban design to a certain extent and make the urban design space layout become more humancentered, scientific, and rational. Then, an ideal pattern of urban spatial layout based on physical environment optimization can be established to form a targeted practice path for addressing urban physical environment problems.

KEYWORDS: physical environment; the digital map of physical environment; urban design; progressive optimization; Changzhou Railway Station

♦CULTURAL LANDSCAPE SPACE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY ON THE REGENERATION PLANNING OF NON-HISTORIC AND CULTURAL OLD CITY OF TANGYIN 

Author：YANG Chao

ABSTRACT: Non-historic and cultural old city is the most common existence in China, among which Tangyin is a typical one. On the theoretical basis of the urban historic landscape, this paper shows the sense of worth and methodology for the regeneration of non-historic and cultural old city by deeply exploring the hidden value connotation and explaining it fundamentally from the philosophical level of existentialism, thereby providing a cultural landscape space system. The study has two meanings. First, it creates an integral value paradigm and space development model of old city remains, revealing an universal structural mechanism which mixes heritage, human, community, industry, and city together, accessing a more macroscopical value ethics of generalized context. Second, it closely integrates with practice and explores the systematic method of urban regeneration and design in this kind of old city. The openness of the theoretical framework and specific guidance for practice could be beneficial to supplement and improve the missing part of the spatial planning system of historic urban areas in China, and then extend the theoretical context of organic regeneration in order to provide experiences for similar research. 

KEYWORDS: non-historic and cultural old city; historic urban landscape; integrity; complexity; cultural landscape space system; value ethics of generalized context; Tangyin

♦ A STUDY ON PUBLIC SPACE REVITALIZATION AND PLACE-MAKING IN NEW YORK 

Author：LIANG Hongfei; LUO Can; CHEN Zhimin; AI Yongjun

ABSTRACT: Based on the current situation of insufficient consideration of humanization of public space in the process of rapid urbanization in China, this paper takes urban public space revitalization as a starting point and analyzes the experience of development and revitalization of public space in New York. It is found that placemaking is an effective way to realize the humancentered development of public space. By analyzing the main space types in the practice of public space revitalization in New York, it summarizes the connotation of place-making for urban public space revitalization from four levels, i.e., public space evaluation, space transformation methods, space transformation strategies, and basic steps of space transformation, hoping to provide new theories and methods for space governance, planning, and development. 

KEYWORDS: urban public space revitalization; place-making; place governance

♦ FORTY YEARS OF URBAN VILLAGE REDEVELOPMENT AND GOVERNANCE: EVOLUTION AND PROSPECT OF ACADEMIC THOUGHTS 

Author：ZHANG Lizheng; YE Yumin

ABSTRACT: Using a framework consisting of four key elements (i.e., why, what, who, and how), this paper examines the evolution of academic thoughts of urban village redevelopment and governance in China. It is found that research on this topic can be divided into three stages. In the initial stage from 1993 to 2002, the academic community focused on the definitions, characteristics, and formation mechanisms of urban villages, and explored the governance mode by introducing overseas urban redevelopment experiences. In the development stage from 2003 to 2008, the focus was shifted to the urban village redevelopment modes, and a governance structure of “government-developer villager” was developed, which advocated the market-oriented redevelopment mode. In the transition stage from 2009 to the present, the evaluation of the academic community on urban villages has undergone profound changes, and diversified governance goals for the coordinated development of space, society, and economy have been proposed. As multiple stakeholders such as floating population are taken into account, the research on governance mode has increasingly highlighted the importance of micro-redevelopment and inclusive governance. Based on analyzing the development stages of academic thoughts, the paper summarizes the contributions and deficiencies of existing studies, and puts forward suggestions for future research. 

KEYWORDS: urban village; redevelopment and governance; academic thoughts; literature review; research prospect

♦ RESEARCH REVIEW ON LIVING HERITAGE AND ITS CONSERVATION APPROACHES 

Author：LIU Lulu; SUN Ying; LI Jie; ZHANG Yanling; WANG Lan

ABSTRACT: Theories related to “living heritage” are becoming more advanced in the world and a methodological framework has been gradually formed. However, although the word “living” is frequently used in the conservation studies in China, the definition of the concept is unclear and there is no systematic theoretical research. This paper starts by summarizing the relevant research results of living heritage in China, then analyzes the development process of living heritage and the living heritage approach in foreign countries, and expounds on the core concept and basic methods of the living heritage approach. After that, the paper compares the living heritage approach with the fabric-focused approach and the values-led approach to analyze the uniqueness and advancement of the living heritage approach. In the end, the paper discusses the implications of the shift of conservation paradigms and puts forward corresponding suggestions, in hope of providing a more comprehensive view on the development of heritage conservation approaches and treating the conservation process with a dynamic and global perspective. 

KEYWORDS: living heritage; the living heritage approach; heritage conservation