City Planning Review（2022.10）

♦NATIONAL CONDITIONS, PUBLIC POLICY, AND PLANNING THEORY: URBAN PLANNING THEORY AND “CAGE-BIRD RELATIONSHIP”

Author:ZHANG Tingwei; YU Yang

ABSTRACT: In the effort to build a contemporary urban planning theory in line with China’s national conditions, this paper proposes the “Cage-Bird Relationship” theory with a focus on the relationship between national conditions and public policies, followed by an analytical framework on how to better understand the national conditions.

KEYWORDS: urban planning theory; Chinese urban planning; public policy analysis

♦REFLECTIONS ON PLANNING TOPICS OF RURAL REVITALIZATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL PLANNING DISCIPLINE

Author:ZHANG Shangwu; LI Jingsheng; LUAN Feng; ZOU Haiyan

ABSTRACT：The understanding of the answer of “what kind of planning does rural area need” is the basis for discussing the development of rural planning discipline and related practices. The basic framework for the discussion of this question is formed from the understanding of the object of rural planning, that is, the basic characteristics and challenges of rural development, and from the understanding of the noumenon of rural planning, that is, the strategic orientation of rural revitalization and spatial governance reform under the background of ecological civilization. Based on discussing the fundamental characteristics of rural problems in China, this paper summarizes six planning topics from the perspective of rural revitalization strategy and spatial governance, and further puts forward a thought on the development of rural planning discipline and rural planning practices.

KEYWORDS: rural revitalization; spatial governance; rural planning discipline; rural planning practice

♦SPATIAL PATTERNS AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL MODES OF URBAN INNOVATION: CASE STUDIES OF BEIJING, SHENZHEN, AND SHANGHAI

Author:CHEN Qingyi; QIAN Qinglan; YAO Zuolin

ABSTRACT: Innovation space is the carrier for cities to develop innovation-driven economy. Taking Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai as examples, this paper uses innovation enterprises and innovation carriers to represent the urban innovation spaces, and analyzes the similarities and differences in the layout and organizational modes of innovation space of the case cities. The results show that: （1） The characteristics of innovation activities, such as high access standards and narrow scope, determine that urban innovation enterprises are dominated by small and micro enterprises in a small number of industries including scientific research, technical services, and manufacturing. （2） The layout and regional organizational modes of innovation spaces in Beijing and Shanghai are characterized by a dual-core structure, while Shenzhen is by a clustered structure. The layouts of the innovation spaces show geographical proximity within the scope of 1 km and 3 km. （3） Urban spatial organization, factor agglomeration, location of innovation activities, etc., are the key factors that influence the spatial patterns and organizational modes of urban innovation. The research can provide not only reference for the planning and construction of urban innovation space, but also inspiration for the policy making for the construction of innovation-driven cities in China.

KEYWORDS: innovation space; urban spatial organization; spatial association; innovation carrier; innovation enterprise

♦ THOUGHTS ON URBAN REGENERATION ACTION TO MEET THE REAL SOCIAL NEEDS

Author:ZHOU Lan; DING Zhigang

ABSTRACT: Starting from the realistic problems of urban development that we are facing today, this article puts forward that urban regeneration actions should focus on the unique practical problems of urban regeneration in China, such as the accumulated security risks of rapid urbanization, the sustainable development of economy on a high base, and the improvement of people’s demand for high-quality development. Respond to complex social needs such as residents’ deep participation, diverse demands, communication and consultation in limited space, and fund balance for action implementation, it is necessary to explore the specific practical path such as carrying out detailed and in-depth investigation, effective communication and consultation, fund sharing and cooperation, and continuous local-based operation. In the end, this article sets forward that the reform of planning concept, the adjustment of planning scale and tools, and the integration of planning and construction management process should be promoted, and it also attempts to put forward the development direction of China’s planning theory innovation in the new era.

KEYWORDS: social needs; urban regeneration action; planning transformation

♦ ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MARKET MECHANISM FOR STOCK LAND DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL PATH AND PRACTICE OF SHENZHEN

Author:WU Lingjing; LIU Fang; LUO Ganghui; TANG Xin

ABSTRACT: Establishing the market mechanism for stock land development is an important part of deepening the reform of market-oriented allocation of land elements. First, this paper clarifies the internal logic of the establishment of market mechanism for stock land development from two perspectives: the exogenous demand of spatial governance transformation and the endogenous demand of stock land characteristics. Second, from the aspects of property right cornerstone, governance structure, and interests allocation, this paper puts forward the theoretical path for the establishment of market mechanism for stock land development. The establishment of market mechanism for stock land development should be based on the property right system, and should emphasize stimulating market enthusiasm by decentralizing the land development right and setting price on it. With the guarantee of governance structure, classified development and governance should be implemented according to the boundary between market and government to reduce the negative externalities of market mechanism. With interests allocation as the core, both the benefits of land allocation and the fairness of wealth distribution should be considered, so as to make the best use of land and share the profits. Finally, taking Shenzhen as a case study, this paper explores the application practice of market mechanism for stock land development, in the hope of providing valuable theoretical reference and practical experience for stock land development in other cities.

KEYWORDS: stock land development; market mechanism; theoretical path; Shenzhen

♦ FROM DESIGN BLUEPRINT TO CONTROL PEDIGREE: RESEARCH ON REFINED TRANSLATION METHOD OF NEIGHBORHOOD-SCALE URBAN DESIGN

Author:SHAO Dian; YANG Junyan; SHI Beixiang; ZHENG Yi

ABSTRACT：As China enters the middle- and late-stage of urbanization, its urban construction gradually presents a new characteristic - more attention paid to quality. How to plan and realize the scientific layout and fine control of two- and three-dimensional urban space has become a new topic for urban design. Among them, neighborhood-scale urban design is the core stage of management and control. However, it is often accompanied by such phenomena as broken design intention and one-layer neighborhood control in reality, so the carefully planned urban design results are difficult to be fully implemented into the management and control. The crux lies in the problem in the translation process from design language to management language. In essence, the traditional urban design still translates the urban design of three-dimensional space with the “regulatory” thinking mode featuring indexing, mapping, and two-dimensional, which is easy to lead to the lack of urban design intentions. In this regard, this paper proposes a fine translation method of urban design intention, which aims to transmit the neighborhood-scale urban design intention to the management and control without damage. Through establishing the control element pedigree, the design intention of three-dimensional space is decomposed into standardized, typed, and hierarchical element system. Then a three-dimensional spatial sand table is developed to provide a spatial carrier for the layer-by-layer transmission and fine translation of urban design intention. Furthermore, it puts forward the multi-dimensional fine translation of areas, neighborhoods, and buildings, converts the design intention into the control language without damage, and implements the control through multiple forms, such as three-dimensional diagrams, control rules, and guide case base. The purpose of this method is to make up for the lack of design intention in the transformation from design language to control language. It is hoped that this method can provide a reference for more innovative explorations on urban design control and promote the high-quality development of urban space.

KEYWORDS：neighborhood-scale urban design; refined translation; control element pedigree; three-dimensional sand table; guideline control

♦ RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF SELECTION INDICATORS AND VALUE ASSESSMENT OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL VILLAGES

Author:HUANG Tingwan; ZHANG Dayu

ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the gradual improvement of the awareness of protecting China’s outstanding traditional culture, the importance of traditional villages as a carrier of inheriting Chinese culture and highlighting agricultural civilization and sustenance of nostalgia has become increasingly prominent. In recent years, the national attention and financial support for the protection of traditional villages have increased year by year. Under the background of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the development dilemma faced by traditional villages has attracted widespread attention. The selection indicators and value assessment of Chinese traditional villages are derived from the evaluation system of historic and cultural villages. This paper systematically clarifies the phased characteristics of the changes in the selection indicators and value assessment of Chinese traditional villages, and explores their internal logic and transformation motivation, so as to help the sustainable protection and value inheritance of villages.

KEYWORDS: traditional villages; selection indicator; value assessment

♦RESEARCH ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL VALUE OF PARKS UNDER THE CONCEPT OF PARK CITY FROM A PLANNING PERSPECTIVE

Author:ZHU Yong; YANG Xiao; XU Qinhuai

ABSTRACT: As an important part of the urban ecosystem, parks are integrated into urban space in various forms, promoting the symbiosis of urban-rural ecological production and living values. They interpret the value of ecological progress and meets people’s needs for a better life. For a long time, parks were taken as public goods which were passively supplied, inhibiting their value as a driving force of urban development and an attraction. It resulted in the low utilization rate, unsustainable operation, and other problems of parks. Based on the concept of “park city” and following the requirement of “taking ecological value into consideration”， this paper proposes three transformation paths of values based on the park ecological value curve on the basis of analyzing the transformation theory of park ecological value. It develops a functional business system that reflects the transformation of multiple values and precisely matches the ecological endowment of parks. This contributes to the park planning layout mode featuring compound land, ecology network, open space, and efficient transportation. It is expected to provide reference for the planning, construction, and management of diversified value transformation of parks in China.

KEYWORDS: park city; park; transformation of ecological value; functional format; planning layout

♦RURAL LAND DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY CONTROL MODE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BOTTOM LINE CONSTRAINT: A CASE STUDY OF CHENGDU

Author:ZHANG Yi; DONG Chen; GAO Mengwei; Ding Rui

ABSTRACT: With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, rural population continues to decrease, whereas rural construction land continues to increase. In such a circumstance, both the previous land use planning which focuses on land development control and the traditional urban and rural planning which focuses on spatial form control cannot meet the requirement for the whole territory and all elements, tight constraint, and high-quality development of territorial planning in the new era. Based on the analysis of the problems and characteristics of rural construction land control, this paper proposes that an upper limit of land development intensity should be set to respond to rural food security, ecological security, and life security. Meanwhile, target land development intensity indicators should be set to respond to urbanization of rural population, inheritance of rural landscape, and local development demand. Based on that, it suggests developing a rural land development intensity control mode that has intensity zoning and is dynamically adjustable according to local conditions. Taking Chengdu as an example, the paper explores the rural land development intensity control system consisting of two-level intensity indicators, five sub-regions, and four scales, which highlights the regional characteristics of Chengdu. It is expected to provide reference for rural construction land control in other parts of China.

KEYWORDS: bottom line constraint; rural construction land; land development intensity

♦REFLECTIONS ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMUNITY BUSINESS PLANNING BASED ON CONSUMPTION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NEW ERA

Author:WEN Rou; XU Benying; TANG Peng; WANG Xiaoqi; DAI Xin

ABSTRACT: Community business is usually compatible with changes in urban development stages, industrial characteristics, and demographic structure. The development of community business is of great significance to better meet the diverse, differentiated, and individual needs of residents. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the law of changes in consumption characteristics in the new era, summarizes the future development trend of community business and the status quo characteristics of community business development in Chengdu. It analyzes community business planning from four aspects: planning system, planning focus, planning concept, and planning results, in order to guide the transformation of community business planning. It is expected to provide reference for related research and work in other cities.

KEYWORDS: community business; consumption characteristics; planning innovation; Chengdu

♦RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION RULES AND OPTIMIZATION DIRECTION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION: A CASE STUDY OF CHENGDU PLAIN ECONOMIC ZONE

Author:DAI Xin; LIU Qianyuan; TANG Peng; ZHU Zhijun

ABSTRACT: The evolution of the spatial structure of urban agglomerations shows obvious multi-stage characteristics. Based on the research on the spatial structure of urban agglomerations at home and abroad, this paper proposed that the spatial structure of urban agglomerations experienced four phrases of “growth pole - point axis - network - convection”， and further elaborated on the features of the spatial structure. Taking the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone as the study area, this paper found that it has the foundation to step into the stage of “network-type urban agglomeration” according to the study of nighttime light images. In order to further explore the point of view, this paper focused on the three characteristics of “network-type urban agglomeration”， and built an evaluation system for contrastive analysis. By comparing with Shanghai Metropolitan Area which shows clear “network-type urban agglomeration” features, this paper found that the network characteristics of the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone are not significant. Currently, the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone is in a stage transiting from “point-axis urban agglomeration” to “network-type urban agglomeration” . Finally, this paper put forward the optimization suggestions for the spatial structure of Chengdu Plain Economic Zone, including strengthening the driving role of point and axis, as well as upgrading central cities, cultivating network nodes, and promoting the high-frequency flow of various elements.

KEYWORDS: urban agglomeration; spatial structure; network-type urban agglomeration; network features