City Planning Review（2023.1）

♦MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AND INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION, AND MANAGEMENT

Author：TANG Shuang; ZHANG Jingxiang; HE Heming; WANG Yiran; CHEN Jiangchang

ABSTRACT: With economic development, industrial transformation, and upgrading of people's needs, the mixed-use development of land has become an important approach to and direction for urban construction and development owing to its positive role in enhancing urban vitality. Domestic research mainly focuses on technical exploration in planning compilation and policy guidance in practice. However, the mixed-use development is not only a technical issue of planning compilation, but also involves related policy support and systematic follow-up in the implementation, which requires the development of holistic improvementoriented thinking in planning regulation. On the basis of discussing the practical requirements of mixed-use development, this paper first summarizes its evolutionary trends in combination with typical local practice, then analyzes the core issues and major policy contradictions in the implementation of mixed-use development, and accordingly proposes an innovative approach for the planning regulation system to meet the requirements of mixed-use development, in the hope of providing references for promoting the implementation of mixed-use development.

KEYWORDS: mixed-use development of land; regulatory detailed planning; land policy; planning regulation; governance innovation

♦COMMUNITY PLANNING SUPPORTED BY SMART TECHNOLOGY: CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK

Author：KONG Yu; ZHEN Feng; ZHANG Shanqi; JIAO Linshen

ABSTRACT: The community planning in China has undergone a transformation from creating physical space to meeting residents' needs. Faced with the requirements of urban connotative development in the new era and the impact of smart technology, residents' activities in the community have become more diverse and complex, and it is hard for traditional community planning to bring about highquality residents' life and public services. This paper summarizes the new connotation of community planning from four aspects: digital lifestyle and community type, accurate perception of residents' needs, integrated online and offline community life circle, and smart technology-enabled community building and governance. On this basis, the paper establishes a conceptual model of community planning consisting of residents, community space, community governance, and smart technology, and then discusses the technical framework of community planning supported by smart technology from four perspectives: perception and calculation, classification and delimitation, analysis and design, governance and guarantee. This study will deepen the community research under the new trend of smart technology-enabled community planning, and provide new ideas and methods for future community planning.

KEYWORDS: community planning; future community; smart technology; conceptual model; technical framework

♦THE SCALE-BENEFIT COUPLING RELATIONSHIP AND MECHANISM OF COMMERCIAL SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF THE CENTRAL URBAN AREA OF CHANGSHA

Author：HU Zanying; YE Qiang; ZHAO Yao

ABSTRACT: Based on the online comment data, this article firstly analyzes the coupling relationship between commercial space scale and benefit at the city level. The result reveals that the scale and benefit are dynamically coupled in different development stages, and show a feature of spatial differentiation of the "center-periphery" layer. More specifically, the coupling degree of the central layer is higher, which reflects an overall higher benefit level of the central area. Meanwhile, the spatial benefit growth in peripheral layer lags behind its spatial scale expansion, and the mismatch is obvious. Along with the gradual development and maturity of newly constructed commercial centers, the coupling level is dynamically improved, and the coupling region moves by leaps along the spatial expansion direction. Secondly, analyzed from the individual commercial facility level, it shows that the relationship between scale and benefit is not a simple linear proportional relationship, and excessive scale leads to the decrease of coupling degree and unit benefit level. Because of the obvious trend of super-large scale of individual commercial facilities, the decoupling is particularly significant in peripheral layer. Finally, the coupling dynamic mechanism and difference are discussed from the following five aspects: urban policy and planning, economy and population, location and transportation, demand of industrial forms, and environmental facilities.

KEYWORDS: commercial space; scale; benefit; coupling; Changsha

♦A STUDY ON THE DIFFERENTIATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE LIVING SPACE OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE MAIN URBAN AREA OF NANJING

Author：QIANG Huanhuan; WU Xiao

ABSTRACT: Based on the first-hand questionnaire survey data of migrant workers in the main urban area of Nanjing City in 2009 and 2015, combined with socio-economic indicators and living condition indicators, and using the ecological factor analysis method, this paper quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the spatial differentiation and evolution characteristics of migrant workers in the main urban area of Nanjing, following the basic path of "single factor analysis, principal factor analysis, and cluster analysis". The results show that: from 2009 to 2015, the main factors influencing the residential differentiation of migrant workers include housing conditions, migration characteristics, and economic status; the residential social areas formed by clustering are stable in number （4 categories）， but their internal attributes are constantly homogenized and differentiated, and the spatial structure tends to change from mixed and interspersed to clear and clustered, showing an evolution from a "fan-shaped + scattered + semi-ring-shaped" structure to a "fanshaped + scattered" structure.

KEYWORDS：migrant workers; residential space differentiation; main urban area of Nanjing

♦CATEGORY-BASED ALLOCATION FRAMEWORK FOR ELDERLY-CARE FACILITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DEMAND PREFERENCE

Author：OUYANG Hongbin; ZHAO Wanru; WU Dandan; PENG Ke; WANG Xinhui

ABSTRACT:A clear and integral resource allocation framework for elderly-care facilities is urgently needed to realize efficient allocation. Existing research is generally conducted from the perspectives of market supply, common market demand, and demand preference for a single resource, which is of limited use for optimizing the allocation. Based on the complexity of demand preference, this paper sets up a framework for the allocation of resources of different categories. According to the ranking of importance and the characteristics of elements of consumer demand, five demand preference categories are identified by use of spectral clustering, multinomial logistic regression, etc. Five allocation categories of elderlycare facilities have been put forward, which are comprehensive type, welfare type, medical facility & standard performance type, community type, and enhanced green space & entertainment type. It is found that the category-based allocation has been restricted by the existing allocation modes, and it is necessary to make systematical adjustments. First, the urban and rural planning departments should classify related planning into three types according to the characteristics of allocated medical facilities and community resources as well as the scale of the facilities. Second, the civil affairs department should allocate more financial resources and set up four types of subsidies to the disabled elderly who are low-income group but not extremely impoverished and to low-income communities. Third, the community should take the lead in establishing multi-party cooperative organizations and setting up mechanisms for coordinated resource allocation to realize the joint operation of various departments.

KEYWORDS: elderly-care facility; demand preference; allocation category; allocation mode

♦OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIAL SEMANTICS OF CLAN-BASED TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT SPACE: TAKING NINGBO CITY AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：LI Heping; XIE Xin; LUO Qiusheng

ABSTRACT: From the perspective of the "societyspace" relationship, this paper establishes an analytical framework that focuses on the correlation between form and meaning, including that between "settlement pattern and site selection wisdom, clustered courtyards and kinship, ritual landmarks and patriarchal beliefs, as well as activity place and settlement concept", aiming to examine the spatial characteristics of clan-based traditional settlements and explore the social semantics behind them. The spatial characteristics are as follows: the special regional pattern and multi-clan grouping pattern, the clan cluster with organic growth and the household courtyard with special arrangement, the ancestral hall at the center and the temple in the surrounding polar area, the streets adapted to the site and the place with clear property rights. The corresponding social semantics are: emphasizing the identity of the subjects and the cooperation of the clan, depending on the continuity of blood relationship and the ranking of social status, highlighting the "ritual" with ancestor worship as the core and the "custom" with respect to Heaven and God as the core, and reflecting the safety concept of systematic disaster prevention and the Confucian concept of "harmony in diversity". The paper aims to provide a new perspective for the protection and regeneration of traditional settlements.

KEYWORDS: traditional settlements; clan society; spatial characteristics; social semantics

♦WATER MANAGEMENT WISDOM OF DONG VILLAGES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT ON ECOLOGICAL GOVERNANCE UNDER THE PRACTICAL VIEW OF NATURE

Author：HUANG Mei; QIAO Jie; YU Yang; DUAN Degang

ABSTRACT：Water environment governance is an obvious wink link in rural human settlements improvement in China. Ethnic regions, which have rich practical experience in water ecological governance, face the water ecological crisis brought by the modernization process. This paper is based on the dialectical unity between Marx's practical view of nature and traditional Chinese ecological wisdom, as well as the tracking investigation of more than 30 Dong villages in the Duliu River Basin in southeast Guizhou Province. Firstly, the paper analyzes the water ecological crisis that Dong villages face in the context of the promotion of modernity from new "production-interaction-individual" practices, including the traditional fracture of ecological cycle in the period of productivism, the decline of self-regulation ability of the river basin under functionalism, and the imbalance of water "ecosocial" system under economic rationality. Then based on the theoretical "practice-history-capital" relationship, it examines the root causes of the water ecological crisis: neglect of local knowledge in standardized modern engineering practice, alienation of functional space due to failing to fully recognize ecological cultural value, and anomia of the modern ecological system due to the lack of agricultural life logic. Finally, it puts forward suggestions from three aspects on water environment governance of Dong villages in the new era: building modern water ecological infrastructure based on local knowledge, activating functional space based on conforming to the multi-scale ecological laws of the river basin, and achieving co-governance of the water "ecosocial" system by strengthening villagers' sense of participation, in order to better adapt to the needs of rural ecological civilization construction.

KEYWORDS：rural human settlements; practical view of nature; water sorting wisdom; ecological management; Dong villages in southeast Guizhou Province

♦RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL RURAL COMMUNITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RESILIENCE-BUILDING: THE CASE OF THREE TYPICAL VILLAGES IN MOGANSHAN TOWN

Author：CHEN Chen; GENG Jia

ABSTRACT: With the progressive practice of rural revitalization across the country, how to build resilience mechanism and make good use of opportunities of external forces has become an important issue for rural communities to promote sustainable development. This article focuses on the birthplace of China's rural homestay, namely Moganshan Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province. Taking three representative traditional rural communities as examples, this article summarizes the process of the continuous upgrading of rural homestay industry in Moganshan Town driven by business capital, as well as its impact on the economic structure, social structure, and spatial pattern of the local rural communities. It further compares the differences in the evolution model of traditional rural communities in Moganshan Town and its formation mechanism with the intervention of business capital, and discusses policy implications on resilience-building in rural communities to promote overall rural revitalization.

KEYWORDS：resilience; rural revitalization; business capital; rural community; policy implication

♦REVITALIZATION-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF TRAM SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF SIX FRENCH OLD TOWNS

Author：CHEN Yong; QUAN Mengqi

ABSTRACT: Since the 1980s, new trams have been developed on the basis of the original technology, and are increasingly favored by America and European countries. Trams have become the backbone of the public transportation system, which not only promotes the development of urban green transportation, but also plays an active role in the renewal of the old city and the construction of the new district, especially in small and medium-sized cities in France. It is considered to be a French-inspired TOD model. Based on the development of French tram transportation, the paper expounds the policy measures combining trams with the revitalization of the old city. And taking six historical old towns as cases, the paper explores the relevant strategies of trams being integrated into urban renewal construction from the perspectives including the multi-transportation coordination organization, the new-old town linkage development, and the quality of street space, tram line management and station area optimization, in order to fully understand the development trend of new trams and promote the healthy development in China.

KEYWORDS: tram; French old town; urban revitalization; green transportation

♦TRANSFORMATION OF PLANNING GOVERNANCE DURING THE NEW DEAL PERIOD IN THE UNITED STATES

Author：WAN Yongman; WU Tinghai

ABSTRACT: During the New Deal period in the United States, the federal government, for the first time, used "national planning" to intervene in resource allocation, making planning a tool of national governance. The National Resources Planning Board （NRPB）， as the main enforcement agency of national planning, established a planning system with multiple objectives and covering four levels of nation, region, state, and city. Although the NRPB had existed for only ten years under the American Liberty System, it demonstrated the transition of planning from focusing on physical construction to acting as socio-economic comprehensive planning and from a technical tool to a public policy, and it led to the formation of American spatial planning system. This paper analyzes the evolution, organizational structure, and planning content of the NRPB, and discusses the experience and lessons of the national planning, hoping to provide useful reference for the reform of Chinese planning system and the research on the historical and theoretical development of international planning.

KEYWORDS:the United States; National Resource Planning Board; spatial planning; planning history; planning governance